Cell Biology Flashcards
How many cells does a unicellular organism have?
A single cell
How many cells is a multicellular organism made up off?
Many cells
How can the ultrastructure of a cell be seen?
It can be seen using HIGH magnification.
What does the ultrastructure of an animal cell contain?
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes.
What does the ultrastructure of a plant cell contain?
Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, sap vacuole, mitochondria and ribosomes.
What ultrastructure does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?
Cell wall and sap vacuole.
Where are chloroplasts present?
In green plant cells.
What is contained in the ultrastructure of a fungal cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes.
What is included in the ultrastructure of a bacterial cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids and ribosomes.
What is contained in the nucleus of a cell and what does it do?
The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and it controls cell activity.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.
Name 3 cell organelles?
Nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Where can the cell organelles (nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts) be found?
In the cytoplasm.
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions.
Do bacterial cells contain organelles?
No
What does the cell wall do in plant cells?
The cell wall supports, shapes and prevents plant cells from bursting.
Do plant,fungal and bacterial cells have the same cell wall structures as animal cells and are they composed of the same chemicals?
No, their cell wall is made up of different structures and chemicals.
What does the vacuole contain and what does it do?
It stores a watery solution of salts and sugars and helps to support cells.
What do chloroplasts contain?
They contain chlorophyll.
What takes place in the chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis.
Mitochondria are the site of which type of respiration in cells?
Aerobic respiration .
What takes place in ribosomes?
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in cells.
What holds together some of the genetic material (DNA) in bacterial cells?
Plasmids
Name the 2 most important processes that happen in a cell.
ATP Production and photosynthesis
Describe the organelle mitochondria.
It is sausage shape.
It is the site of aerobic respiration and the production of ATP.
Cells that need lots of energy have lots of mitochondria.
Describe the organelle ribosomes.
They are small spherical structures.
Can be found free floating in the cytoplasm.
Site of protein production.
Describe the organelle - chloroplasts.
Site of photosynthesis.
Contain green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis.
Animal cells can be grouped together to form what?
Tissue and organs.
Name 3 unicellular organisms.
Amoeba
Bacteria
Yeast
Describe the cell structure of a yeast cell….
Fungi (yeast) are another separate kingdom of organism to the animal and plant cells. They are most similar to an animal cell
Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm Cell membrane
but they have a cell wall that is different to plant cells.
Describe the bacterial cells….
They are smaller than animal, plant or fungus cells.
The only organelles they have are ribosomes.
They don’t have a nucleus to store the DNA.
Instead the DNA is found on a circular chromosome and on structures called plasmids.
What is cellulose.
The carbohydrate used to make cell walls.
Finish the sentence…..
“One thousandth of a millimetre 1mm = 1000……..?”
Micrometre
Describe aerobic respiration…
Release of energy from food by a cell using oxygen.
Describe a bacterial cell.
A tiny individual cell of a bacterium.
Describe a cell membrane.
Selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell cytoplasm and controlling the entry and exit of materials.
Describe a cell wall.
Supports and prevents cells from bursting; plant, fungal and bacterial walls have different structures and chemical compositions.
Describe what cellulose is…
Structural carbohydrate of which plant cell walls are composed.
What are chloroplasts?
Organelle containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.
What is cytoplasm?
Jelly-like liquid containing cell organelles and the site of many chemical reactions.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; substance in chromosomes that carries the genetic code of an organism.
Describe the nucleus….
Organelle that is the control centre of a cell containing the genetic information of the organism.
What is an organelle?
It is a membrane-bound compartment with a specific function in animal, plant and fu gal cells.
What is photosynthesis thesis?
A process carried out by green plants to make their own food using light energy.
What are plasmids?
They are circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in genetic engineering or modification.
What happens in ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the vacuole?
It is the membrane - bound sac containing cell sap in plant and fungal cells.
Name 2 structures that are found in all cells?
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Give 2 organelles found in animal,plant and fungal cells. (2 marks)
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Name a structure found in bacterial cells only
1 mark
Plasmid
State how the cell walls of plant, fungal and bacterial cells vary.
Composed of different chemical substances
with different structures.
State the function of mitochondria(1 mark).
Site of release of energy
ATP production in aerobic respiration
State why plant root cells cannot photosynthesise. (1 mark)
Do not contain chloroplasts
Give the function of ribosomes? (1 mark)
Site of protein synthesis
Extended response question: Explain why bacterial cells are difficult to study compared with plant cells (3 marks)
Add your own answer
Extended response question: Describe the structure and function of plant cell walls (3marks)
Add your own answer.
Extended response question: Describe the following cell structures
A) a plant cell vacuole (1 mark)
B) a bacterial cell plasmid (1 mark)
Add your own answer
Describe the similarities and differences in structure between a green plant cell and a bacterial cell. (3marks)
Add your own answer.
What type of structures does an animal cell contain?
Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria Ribosomes
What type of structure does a plant cell have.
Cell wall Cytoplasm Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Chloroplasts Mitochondria Ribosome
What type of structure does a fungal cell have
Cell wall Membrane Vacuole Mitochondria Ribosome Nucleus
What structures does a bacterial cell have
Ribosome Plasmids Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm
