Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
How are the different variety of protein shapes created?
This arises from the sequence of amino acids in their molecules.
Does the shape of protein molecules affect their function?
Yes
What are the 5 functions of proteins?
Hormones Enzymes Antibodies Receptors Structural
Within a cell, what does the structural proteins make-up?
Cell membrane
What is the function of an enzyme and where are they found?
An enzyme functions as a biological catalyst and are made by all living cells.
What is the function of hormones?
They act as chemical messengers between cells and travel in body fluids such as blood.
What are antibodies?
They are protein molecules that are involved in the body’s defence.
Where are receptors found?
They are found in the cell membrane and recognise specific substances.
What is the substance on which an enzyme acts?
Substrate
Complete the missing words….
Enzyme molecules have a….. s…… where they bind to s…….. m……….
Active sites
Substrate molecules
Why are enzymes specific?
Because the shape of the active site of each enzyme molecule is complementary to the shape of its substrate.
What is the name given to the ideal type of environment for an enzyme to work best in?
Optimum
Which 2 factors are enzymes and proteins affected by?
Temperature
Ph
Extremes of temperature or Ph can result in changes to the molecular shapes of enzymes known as….
Denaturalising
What will happen to an enzyme if it’s shape changes?
It will affect its rate of reaction.
What will happen if any protein molecule changes shape?
It will affect its function.
What is a product?
A substance made by an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
State the feature of a protein that determines its molecular shape and the function it can carry out.
Add your own answer
Give four protein groups that have different functions.
Hormones Enzymes Antibodies Receptors Structural
State why enzymes are described as biological catalysts?
Because enzymes react with substrates to cause a chemical reaction.
State the effects of catalysing a reaction on an enzyme molecules structure?
It will affect its reaction time and function.
State why living cells require enzymes?
Living cells require enzymes because they combine with substrates in an active site to cause a chemical reaction that is required by the living cell in order to carry out its specific function.
Give the term used for the substance in which an enzyme works?
Substrate
Name the part of an enzyme molecule that binds to a substrate?
Active site
Give two different conditions that could lead to the denaturing of enzyme molecules?
Temperature and ph
Explain the following terms as they are applied to enzymes:
A specific
B optimum
A) it is specific as the enzymes active site is specific to the shape of the substrate.
B) enzymes need to be in an optimum environment in order to function ie temperature and ph
Describe what happens to an enzyme molecules structure and function when it becomes denatured?
Its structure, it becomes disfigured.
It’s function will be slowed down
Describe the main characteristics of enzymes?
Act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Enzymes have an optimum level of temperature and ph in which they can function or else they can become denaturalised.
Enzymes have a specific active site where the enzyme and substrate can join.
