Unit 3 Flashcards
Antecedent interventions
Manipulations of environmental events prior to the occurrence of target behavior
2 categories of antecedent interventions
Generic and function-based
Generic antecedent interventions
Used irrespective of the maintaining contingency (“default interventions”)
Function-based antecedent interventions
Used to manipulate part of the contingency maintaining target behavior
4 underlying mechanisms of antecedent interventions
MO (motivating operations) effects
Discriminative effects
Contingency-breaking effects
Restrict ability to engage behavior
MO effects (motivating operations)
Alter consequence effectiveness to evoke or abate behavior
Discriminative effects
Alter discriminative control over behavior
Contingency-breaking effects
Break/weaken the contingent relation between problem behavior and reinforcer
Restrict ability to engage in behavior
Make it difficult or impossible to engage in problem behavior
Momentary effect
Antecedent effect on behavior
3 considerations of antecedent interventions
Only use as a treatment plan component
Combine with reinforcement procedures
Include extinction/punishment if needed
4 common mistakes of antecedent interventions
Use of structural terms
Use of non-conceptually systematic terms
Failure to identify underlying mechanisms
Failure to use generalizable effects
2 solutions to antecedent intervention mistakes
Use functional rather than structural terms
Tie procedures to specific principles of behavior
Functional terms
Defined by effects on behavior, other stimuli, and role in functional relations
Structural terms
Defined by their “features”; not tied to principles of behavior
2 types of structural terms
Setting events
Ecological variables
Setting event
A temporally remote, or extended, compound event
Ecological variables
Non-discrete stimuli overlap discrete antecedent-behavior relationships
8 generic antecedent interventions
Discriminative control strategies Environmental enrichment Antecedent exercise Relaxation exercise Cushion antecedent predictors Do not mention bad behavior Medical treatment Non-contingent restraints
Discriminative Stimulus Control Strategies
Alters the discriminative control over behavior
4 types of discriminative control strategies
Develop discriminative stimulus (Sd) for prosocial behavior
Discriminative stimulus (Sd) for problem behaviors into discriminative stimulus for prosocial behavior and SΔs for problem behavior
EOs (establishing operations) for problem behavior inter Sds for prosocial behavior
Transfer of discriminative control
Environmental enrichment
Non-contingent access to attention, items, and activities, etc. in target setting
Antecedent exercise
Non-contingently engaged in systematic exercise program
Relaxation exercises
Progressive relaxation
Behavioral relaxation
Cushion antecedent predictors
Identify the event evoking the problem behavior and modify it to abate behavior
Do not mention bad behavior
Do not talk as if the person is not there
Medical treatment
Used for health-related issues and often treated by a physician
Non-contingent restraints
Non-contingent addition of highly restrictive protective equipment
Time-based schedules
Preferred stimulus delivered at point in time without response requirement
2 types of time-based schedules
Fixed time (FT) and variable time (VT)
3 advantages of time-based schedules
Breaks contingency and abates problem behavior
Easy to use
More robust effects that DRO or extinction
Disadvantage of time-based schedules
Does not necessarily increase prosocial replacement behavior
7 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement
Stimulus fading in Graduated exposure/desensitization Altering demands (many variations) Provide choice Time contingent escape Relocate client/others Move locale of activities
Stimulus fading in
Gradual changes of the antecedent stimulus while the response stays the same
Graduated exposure/desensitization
Create stimulus hierarchy and gradually introduce stimuli from least to most likely to evoke/elicit
4 ways to alter demands
Alter timing
Embed demands
Provide assistance
Increase predictability
Altering timing
Deliver demands when an individual is not engaged in a preferred activity
Embed demands
Place demands in a context with discriminative stimulus (SDs) for positive reinforcement (SR+)
Provide assistance
Help the individual engage in difficult/non-preferred tasks
Increase predictability
Establish a routine or schedule to inform the individual of what is next
3 instructional modifications for escape maintained behavior
Modify features of the task
Redesign curriculum
Use DI, PT, etc. (direct instruction, preferred task?)
Providing choice
Options of activities or tasks: order, time of day, who with, how to do it
Time-contingent escape
Provide frequent breaks on time-contingent schedule
Relocate client/move locale of activities
Move the client, others, and/or task
2 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by attention
Time-contingent attention
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
Time-contingent attention
Provide attention on a time-contingent schedule
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
Salient stimulus introduced to signal increased availability of attention, then faded to natural cues
Antecedent intervention for problem behavior maintained by access to tangibles
Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities
Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities
Provide access to materials/activities on a time-contingent schedule
3 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Deliver competing stimuli on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes
Deliver prescribed drugs and drug substitutes on a time-contingent schedule
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
Gradually reduce some preferred feature of the restraint through fading
