Unit 3

Question 1

Antecedent interventions

Answer 1

Manipulations of environmental events prior to the occurrence of target behavior

Question 2

2 categories of antecedent interventions

Answer 2

Generic and function-based

Question 3

Generic antecedent interventions

Answer 3

Used irrespective of the maintaining contingency (“default interventions”)

Question 4

Function-based antecedent interventions

Answer 4

Used to manipulate part of the contingency maintaining target behavior

Question 5

4 underlying mechanisms of antecedent interventions

Answer 5

MO (motivating operations) effects
Discriminative effects
Contingency-breaking effects
Restrict ability to engage behavior

Question 6

MO effects (motivating operations)

Answer 6

Alter consequence effectiveness to evoke or abate behavior

Question 7

Discriminative effects

Answer 7

Alter discriminative control over behavior

Question 8

Contingency-breaking effects

Answer 8

Break/weaken the contingent relation between problem behavior and reinforcer

Question 9

Restrict ability to engage in behavior

Answer 9

Make it difficult or impossible to engage in problem behavior

Question 10

Momentary effect

Answer 10

Antecedent effect on behavior

Question 11

3 considerations of antecedent interventions

Answer 11

Only use as a treatment plan component
Combine with reinforcement procedures
Include extinction/punishment if needed

Question 12

4 common mistakes of antecedent interventions

Answer 12

Use of structural terms
Use of non-conceptually systematic terms
Failure to identify underlying mechanisms
Failure to use generalizable effects

Question 13

2 solutions to antecedent intervention mistakes

Answer 13

Use functional rather than structural terms

Tie procedures to specific principles of behavior

Question 14

Functional terms

Answer 14

Defined by effects on behavior, other stimuli, and role in functional relations

Question 15

Structural terms

Answer 15

Defined by their “features”; not tied to principles of behavior

Question 16

2 types of structural terms

Answer 16

Setting events

Ecological variables

Question 17

Setting event

Answer 17

A temporally remote, or extended, compound event

Question 18

Ecological variables

Answer 18

Non-discrete stimuli overlap discrete antecedent-behavior relationships

Question 19

8 generic antecedent interventions

Answer 19

Discriminative control strategies
Environmental enrichment
Antecedent exercise
Relaxation exercise
Cushion antecedent predictors
Do not mention bad behavior
Medical treatment
Non-contingent restraints

Question 20

Discriminative Stimulus Control Strategies

Answer 20

Alters the discriminative control over behavior

Question 21

4 types of discriminative control strategies

Answer 21

Develop discriminative stimulus (Sd) for prosocial behavior
Discriminative stimulus (Sd) for problem behaviors into discriminative stimulus for prosocial behavior and SΔs for problem behavior
EOs (establishing operations) for problem behavior inter Sds for prosocial behavior
Transfer of discriminative control

Question 22

Environmental enrichment

Answer 22

Non-contingent access to attention, items, and activities, etc. in target setting

Question 23

Antecedent exercise

Answer 23

Non-contingently engaged in systematic exercise program

Question 24

Relaxation exercises

Answer 24

Progressive relaxation

Behavioral relaxation

Question 25

Cushion antecedent predictors

Answer 25

Identify the event evoking the problem behavior and modify it to abate behavior

Question 26

Do not mention bad behavior

Answer 26

Do not talk as if the person is not there

Question 27

Medical treatment

Answer 27

Used for health-related issues and often treated by a physician

Question 28

Non-contingent restraints

Answer 28

Non-contingent addition of highly restrictive protective equipment

Question 29

Time-based schedules

Answer 29

Preferred stimulus delivered at point in time without response requirement

Question 30

2 types of time-based schedules

Answer 30

Fixed time (FT) and variable time (VT)

Question 31

3 advantages of time-based schedules

Answer 31

Breaks contingency and abates problem behavior Easy to use More robust effects that DRO or extinction

Question 32

Disadvantage of time-based schedules

Answer 32

Does not necessarily increase prosocial replacement behavior

Question 33

7 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement

Answer 33

``` Stimulus fading in Graduated exposure/desensitization Altering demands (many variations) Provide choice Time contingent escape Relocate client/others Move locale of activities ```

Question 34

Stimulus fading in

Answer 34

Gradual changes of the antecedent stimulus while the response stays the same

Question 35

Graduated exposure/desensitization

Answer 35

Create stimulus hierarchy and gradually introduce stimuli from least to most likely to evoke/elicit

Question 36

4 ways to alter demands

Answer 36

Alter timing Embed demands Provide assistance Increase predictability

Question 37

Altering timing

Answer 37

Deliver demands when an individual is not engaged in a preferred activity

Question 38

Embed demands

Answer 38

Place demands in a context with discriminative stimulus (SDs) for positive reinforcement (SR+)

Question 39

Provide assistance

Answer 39

Help the individual engage in difficult/non-preferred tasks

Question 40

Increase predictability

Answer 40

Establish a routine or schedule to inform the individual of what is next

Question 41

3 instructional modifications for escape maintained behavior

Answer 41

Modify features of the task Redesign curriculum Use DI, PT, etc. (direct instruction, preferred task?)

Question 42

Providing choice

Answer 42

Options of activities or tasks: order, time of day, who with, how to do it

Question 43

Time-contingent escape

Answer 43

Provide frequent breaks on time-contingent schedule

Question 44

Relocate client/move locale of activities

Answer 44

Move the client, others, and/or task

Question 45

2 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by attention

Answer 45

Time-contingent attention | Discriminative stimulus control strategies

Question 46

Time-contingent attention

Answer 46

Provide attention on a time-contingent schedule

Question 47

Discriminative stimulus control strategies

Answer 47

Salient stimulus introduced to signal increased availability of attention, then faded to natural cues

Question 48

Antecedent intervention for problem behavior maintained by access to tangibles

Answer 48

Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities

Question 49

Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities

Answer 49

Provide access to materials/activities on a time-contingent schedule

Question 50

3 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement

Answer 50

Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes Transfer of appetitive features of restraints

Question 51

Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli

Answer 51

Deliver competing stimuli on a time-contingent schedule

Question 52

Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes

Answer 52

Deliver prescribed drugs and drug substitutes on a time-contingent schedule

Question 53

Transfer of appetitive features of restraints

Answer 53

Gradually reduce some preferred feature of the restraint through fading