Unit 1 Flashcards
Type of work conducted in early behavior analysis
Topography-based bx modification/management
Populations served in early behavior analysis
Prisoners; sever autism, mental retardation, schizophrenia
Conducted the early applications of behavior analysis
Behavioral experimental psychology graduates
Used by ABA pioneers to evaluate effectiveness in the real world
Early applications of EAB
Year ABA was formalized
1968
Caused the drift to behavior modification and management
Institutional need for “behavior modifiers”
Approach used by behavior modifiers
“Topography-based” behavior reduction
Focuses only on problem bx
Behavior management
4 characteristics of behavior modification/management
Cook-book approach
Topography-based
Technologist
Procedures at the core
4 characteristics of behavior analysis
Individualized
Function-based
Analysts
Basic principles at the core
4 characteristics of problem behavior
Minimizes achieving meaningful outcome
Minimizes access to reinforcers
Maximizes contact with punishers
May result in restricted access to community
5 parameters of problem behavior
Rate (too hight) IRT (too short) Duration (too long) Severity/intensity (too high) Wrong place, situation, or time
Topography-based treatment model
Model for treating problem bx based on form of the bx
4 characteristics of topography-based treatment procedures
Delivered aversive and restrictive punishers
Used artificial and arbitrary reinforcers
Used thinned reinforcement schedules
Cook-book approach
“One-size fits all” approach
Topography-based DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible)
Taught non-functional incompatible behaviors
Topography-based DRA (differential reinforcement of alternate behavior)
Alternative behaviors benefited caregivers and not client
3 limitations of the topography-based treatment model
Contingent relations are broken
Behavior did not maintain or generalize
Problem behavior hidden under tight stimulus control
Function-based treatment model
Model for treating problem behavior based on the function
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
An appropriate form of communications is taught to replace problem behavior
FCT-Stage 1
Conduct a functional assessment or analysis
FCT- Stage 2
Train and differentially reinforce a communicative response
FCT- Stage 3
Transfer control to real-life settings and persons
Mand Training
More specific words taught and results in a larger speaker repertoire
3 strategies for promoting generalization in FCT
Incorporate multiple trainers and settings
Include like stimuli
Sequential modification
Is out subject matter behavior alone?
No; includes operants, respondents, contingencies, functional relations
Are the “functions of behavior” only “attention, tangibles, escape, and automatic reinforcement”?
No; typical statements about “function” are oversimplifications
Should antecedents have only a first name?
No; antecedents only exist in relation to consequences (last name)
Can we neglect context?
No; behavior change in relation to context
Are we effective we only change behavior?
No; change real-world contingencies to achieve meaningful outcomes
Functional relation
Manipulation of a stimulus produces a reliable and predictable change in a response
4 characteristics of functional relations
Probabilistic
Nonlinear
Complex
Allows for predictions
Functional relations are probabilistic
Not cause-and-effect or deterministic
Functional relations are nonlinear
Compared to nonlinear in calculus
Functional relations are complex
Functional relations change with respect to context
Everyday usage of the term function
What an organism “does” and “why”
Scientific usage of the term function
A mathematical relation between stimulus classes and response classes
Problem with using the “everyday definition of function”
Practitioners use teleological explanations
Contingency
One event depends on another
Discriminative stimuli
Derive effects on behavior from a past history of differential availability with a consequence
Motivating operations
Derive effects on behavior from their value-altering effect on consequences
Last name of discriminative stimuli
Consequence leads to the development of that discriminative stimulus
Last name of motivating operations
The consequence whose value is being altered
