Unit 2

Question 1

Concurrent schedules

Answer 1

2 or more simultaneous, but independent schedules for different responses

Question 2

The matching law

Answer 2

Distribution of behavior on concurrent schedules of reinforcement predict response allocation

Question 3

4 other variables influencing response allocation (choice)

Answer 3

Response effort
Response quality
Reinforcer delay
Reinforcer magnitude/duration

Question 4

Response effort

Answer 4

Amount of effort to complete a response

Question 5

Reinforcer delay

Answer 5

Time it takes to deliver a reinforcer

Question 6

Reinforcer quality

Answer 6

Overall value of a reinforcer

Question 7

Reinforcer magnitude

Answer 7

Amount of a reinforcer provided

Question 8

Reinforcer duration

Answer 8

Length of access to a reinforcer

Question 9

Operant extinction (EXT)

Answer 9

A previously reinforced behavior no longer produces reinforcement

Question 10

Underlying mechanism of extinction

Answer 10

Contingency between the response and reinforcer is broken

Question 11

Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by attention

Answer 11

Withhold all attention following the response

Question 12

Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by access to tangibles

Answer 12

Deny access to item following the response

Question 13

Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by sensory effects (automatic)

Answer 13

Mask the sensory consequences of the response

Question 14

Extinction procedures for behavior maintained by escape

Answer 14

Continue the demand following the response until task is completed

Question 15

Unwanted effects of extinction

Answer 15

Extinction burst
Extinction-induced aggression
Behavioral contrast
Spontaneous recovery

Question 16

Extinction burst

Answer 16

Brief increase in response variability following extinction

Question 17

Extinction-induced aggression

Answer 17

Violent acts directed at the previous source of reinforcement

Question 18

Behavioral contrast

Answer 18

Increased responding in settings uncorrelated with EXT (extinction)

Question 19

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 19

Random reoccurrence of previously reinforced behavior

Question 20

3 strategies for minimizing unwanted effects of EXT (extinction)

Answer 20

Combine with other procedures
Switch to CRF schedule for problem behavior
Identify response class hierarchies

Question 21

3 strategies for mitigating unwanted effects of EXT

Answer 21

Inform caregivers of unwanted effects
Provide caregivers with procedures
Withhold reinforcer if spontaneous recovery occurs

Question 22

3 other factors to consider when using EXT

Answer 22

Length of reinforcement history
Baseline schedule of reinforcement history
Baseline parameters of reinforcement

Question 23

Two effects of differential reinforcement

Answer 23

Differentiation

Discrimination

Question 24

Differentiation

Answer 24

Response 1 (R1) = Reinforcement (SR)
Response 2 (R2) = Extinction (EXT)

Question 25

Discrimination

Answer 25

Stimulus 1-Response 1 = Reinforcement Stimulus 2-Response 1 = Extinction S1-R1 = SR S2-R1 = EXT

Question 26

DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior)

Answer 26

Reinforcement (SR) delivered at the end of a time interval for absence of target behavior

Question 27

DRO interval criterion

Answer 27

50% to 80% below the average baseline IRT

Question 28

3 general types of DRO schedules

Answer 28

Interval DRO Momentary DRO Progressive DRO

Question 29

Momentary DRO

Answer 29

Reinforcement (SR) delivered at the end of interval if no target behavior occurred at that exact moment

Question 30

Progressive DRO

Answer 30

Progressively greater amount of reinforcement (SR) delivered for each interval criterion met

Question 31

9 common DRO mistakes

Answer 31

- DRO for low rate behavior - DRO interval above average IRT - Failing to reset timer if problem behavior occurs - Inconsistent and extra criteria for problem behavior - Accidentally reinforcing other problem behavior - Reinforcing "dead person's" behavior - Failing to select a competing reinforcer - Using the same reinforcer to satiation - Failing to use EXT from problem behavior

Question 32

DRI (Differential Reinforcement for Incompatible Behavior)

Answer 32

Reinforcement (SR) delivered for a response physically incompatible with the target behavior

Question 33

6 common DRI mistakes

Answer 33

- Select wrong incompatible behavior - Failing to select a competing reinforcer - Using wrong reinforcement schedule - Failing to use EXT for problem - Reinforcing a chain of problem behavior - Failing to also reinforce alternative behavior

Question 34

DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)

Answer 34

Reinforcement )SR) for a response that competes with the target behavior

Question 35

4 common DRA mistakes

Answer 35

- Select wrong alternative behavior - Failing to select a competing reinforcer - Using wrong reinforcement schedule - Reinforcing a chain of problem behavior

Question 36

DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior

Answer 36

Reinforcement (SR) delivered if target behavior is at or below the maximum responses in a given period

Question 37

3 types of DRL schedules

Answer 37

Full-session DRL Interval DRL DRL-T (spaced responding)

Question 38

Full-session DRL

Answer 38

Reinforcement delivered at the end of the entire session if target behavior meets criterion

Question 39

Interval DRL

Answer 39

Reinforcement delivered at the end of each interval in session if target behavior meets criterion

Question 40

DRL-T (spaced responding)

Answer 40

Reinforcement delivered if a minimum amount of time has passed since last response

Question 41

Minor problem behavior

Answer 41

Type of target behavior to select when using DRL

Question 42

2 common DRL mistakes

Answer 42

- Using DRL for severe problem behavior | - Using full-session/interval DRL with naïve learners

Question 43

DRD (Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates)

Answer 43

Reinforcement delivered if target behavior progressively meets the changing criterion

Question 44

DRP (Differential Reinforcement of Paced Responses)

Answer 44

Reinforcement delivered if target behavior occurs between a specified minimum and maximum rate/IRT