Unit 2 Flashcards
Concurrent schedules
2 or more simultaneous, but independent schedules for different responses
The matching law
Distribution of behavior on concurrent schedules of reinforcement predict response allocation
4 other variables influencing response allocation (choice)
Response effort
Response quality
Reinforcer delay
Reinforcer magnitude/duration
Response effort
Amount of effort to complete a response
Reinforcer delay
Time it takes to deliver a reinforcer
Reinforcer quality
Overall value of a reinforcer
Reinforcer magnitude
Amount of a reinforcer provided
Reinforcer duration
Length of access to a reinforcer
Operant extinction (EXT)
A previously reinforced behavior no longer produces reinforcement
Underlying mechanism of extinction
Contingency between the response and reinforcer is broken
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by attention
Withhold all attention following the response
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by access to tangibles
Deny access to item following the response
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by sensory effects (automatic)
Mask the sensory consequences of the response
Extinction procedures for behavior maintained by escape
Continue the demand following the response until task is completed
Unwanted effects of extinction
Extinction burst
Extinction-induced aggression
Behavioral contrast
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction burst
Brief increase in response variability following extinction
Extinction-induced aggression
Violent acts directed at the previous source of reinforcement
Behavioral contrast
Increased responding in settings uncorrelated with EXT (extinction)
Spontaneous recovery
Random reoccurrence of previously reinforced behavior
3 strategies for minimizing unwanted effects of EXT (extinction)
Combine with other procedures
Switch to CRF schedule for problem behavior
Identify response class hierarchies
3 strategies for mitigating unwanted effects of EXT
Inform caregivers of unwanted effects
Provide caregivers with procedures
Withhold reinforcer if spontaneous recovery occurs
3 other factors to consider when using EXT
Length of reinforcement history
Baseline schedule of reinforcement history
Baseline parameters of reinforcement
Two effects of differential reinforcement
Differentiation
Discrimination
Differentiation
Response 1 (R1) = Reinforcement (SR) Response 2 (R2) = Extinction (EXT)
Discrimination
Stimulus 1-Response 1 = Reinforcement
Stimulus 2-Response 1 = Extinction
S1-R1 = SR
S2-R1 = EXT
DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior)
Reinforcement (SR) delivered at the end of a time interval for absence of target behavior
DRO interval criterion
50% to 80% below the average baseline IRT
3 general types of DRO schedules
Interval DRO
Momentary DRO
Progressive DRO
Momentary DRO
Reinforcement (SR) delivered at the end of interval if no target behavior occurred at that exact moment
Progressive DRO
Progressively greater amount of reinforcement (SR) delivered for each interval criterion met
9 common DRO mistakes
- DRO for low rate behavior
- DRO interval above average IRT
- Failing to reset timer if problem behavior occurs
- Inconsistent and extra criteria for problem behavior
- Accidentally reinforcing other problem behavior
- Reinforcing “dead person’s” behavior
- Failing to select a competing reinforcer
- Using the same reinforcer to satiation
- Failing to use EXT from problem behavior
DRI (Differential Reinforcement for Incompatible Behavior)
Reinforcement (SR) delivered for a response physically incompatible with the target behavior
6 common DRI mistakes
- Select wrong incompatible behavior
- Failing to select a competing reinforcer
- Using wrong reinforcement schedule
- Failing to use EXT for problem
- Reinforcing a chain of problem behavior
- Failing to also reinforce alternative behavior
DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)
Reinforcement )SR) for a response that competes with the target behavior
4 common DRA mistakes
- Select wrong alternative behavior
- Failing to select a competing reinforcer
- Using wrong reinforcement schedule
- Reinforcing a chain of problem behavior
DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior
Reinforcement (SR) delivered if target behavior is at or below the maximum responses in a given period
3 types of DRL schedules
Full-session DRL
Interval DRL
DRL-T (spaced responding)
Full-session DRL
Reinforcement delivered at the end of the entire session if target behavior meets criterion
Interval DRL
Reinforcement delivered at the end of each interval in session if target behavior meets criterion
DRL-T (spaced responding)
Reinforcement delivered if a minimum amount of time has passed since last response
Minor problem behavior
Type of target behavior to select when using DRL
2 common DRL mistakes
- Using DRL for severe problem behavior
- Using full-session/interval DRL with naïve learners
DRD (Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates)
Reinforcement delivered if target behavior progressively meets the changing criterion
DRP (Differential Reinforcement of Paced Responses)
Reinforcement delivered if target behavior occurs between a specified minimum and maximum rate/IRT
