Unit 3 Flashcards
Protestant Reformation:
A 16th century movement that changed the doctrines and practices of the RCC, which caused the creation of protestant churches.
Protestant:
A member of any of the western Christian churches that are not Roman Catholic.
Expansionism:
A government policy encouraging territorial or economic expansion to other countries, often by force.
Cartography:
The science of mapmaking.
Circumnavigate:
To go around the earths whole circumference.
Indigenous:
Referring to the original inhabitants of a region.
Imperialism:
The policy of a country or empire to extend it’s authority or domination by political, economic or military means.
Ethnocentrism:
A belief that ones own race or culture is superior to others.
Diversity:
Variety
Inflation:
An increase in prices and a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
Meso-American:
A region stretching from central Mexico to Nicaragua, usually used in terms of the region’s ancient civilizations and Aboriginal cultures.
Consumerism:
Focusing on collecting and using material goods or products.
Conscript:
To force someone to join or enlist an enterprise.
Mother tongue:
One’s native language from birth.
Literate:
Able to read and write.
Pluralistic:
Describing a society in which members of minority groups maintain their different cultural traditions.
Martin Luther was a…
German Priest and proffesor.
Where did Martin Luther teach?
University of Wittenburg.
Luther believed that…(3)
- Following the rituals of the RCC was not enough to get into heaven.
- Individuals should seek personal religious understanding.
- Individuals should not pay the church to receive forgiveness for their sins.
In—-Luther began to speak publicly of his concerns with church teachings and practices.
1517
Martin Luther wrote a________that listed___church_______he felt were necessary.
Pamphlet
95
Reforms
The pope declared___of the_____to be______.
41
Reforms
Heresy
Luthers books were…
Publicly burned in Rome.
Luther was________from the church in____.
Expelled
1521
In protest, he…
Started his own church.
They were then known as_________.
Protestants
Because of the Protestant Reformation:View 1 on religion was…
Individuals myst follow the rules, rituals and teachings of the RCC without question.
Because of the Protestant Reformation:View 2 on religion was…
Individuals should question religion, respond to the bible personally and make your own interpretation.
As a result of the______________people began to question…(3)
Protestant Reformation
The behaviour of the popes and clergy.
The rules and rituals of the church
The thought that they were to accept the church and it’s authority without question.
People wanted to see the RCC________.(______)
Reformed
Changed
The reformation_______________christians
Divided
As a result of the christian separations_______broke out.
Wars
The printing press brought the ideas of_________to all that could read.
Reformation
People became more_______.
Literate
The_____often interpreted the bible for illiterate people.
Clergy
Protestant Reform is an example of…
The rapid spread of ideas across Europe.
_________and___________were often at war.
Protestant and catholic states
_________leaders used citizen’s ________beliefs to help build their_______power.
Political
Religious
Political
Fight for religious freedom created a sense of_______and_______________among people that influenced the…
Solidarity
Common identity
The formation of countries
Heretic:
A person believing in or practicing religious beliefs against a given religion.
Small_____________joined
Together to form…
Political units
Larger states
______supported the formation of larger states because…
Other laws gave them allegiance and wealth.
Formation of larger states because of the development of__________________through__________ , ______________,and__________.
Local identities
Language
Religion
Beliefs
______was brought from_____.
Gunpowder
China
Monarchs used_____from the cities and hired mercenaries to overpower____.
Taxes
Nobles
The printing press brought…creating a sense of_______and______
Information and stories about local heroes/ tales
History
Identity
Exploration of__________led to establishment of__________and brought_____and______to founding_________.
Other lands Colonies Prestige Wealth Countries
People now belonged to a________or_______and not to a___________.
Country
State
Feudal property
People became______of a______and gave________to_________
Citizen
Country
Allegiance
Monarch
___________________________promoted feelings of____and______.
Exploration of new lands
Hope
Possibilities
People became_______of a country and gave___________to_________.
Citizen
Allegiance
Monarch
Exploration of new lands promoted feelings of____and________.
Hope
Possibilities
you could now move out of the_____________________.
Class structure
Public services began to be provided by the____________________.
Central government
The_____and________of states created competition between the______for__________.
Size
Power
Church
Authority
________began to____________their_________and clearly defined lines of authority.
Monarchs
Centralize
Government structure
__________________were set up to ensure_________/__________independence.
Government policies
Political/economic independence.
_______________were set up and were paid by______.
Permanent Armies
Taxes
Resources were provided to large state projects such as…(2)
Exploration
War
Centralized____/______set by_______and________.
Laws/rules
Monarch
Government
_______(____and_____)created to control______and________.
State policies(tax and trade) Trade and business
_______________unified citizens.
Common language
_______and________class became_______.
Middle
Upper
Literate
_________________published in______________to state.
Religious literature
Common language
____________chosen to unify state/country.
National language
Trade meant______,______and_______.
Trade
Wealth
Profit
Exploration_________with new________________and new______________________.
Increased
Geographical knowledge
Sailing technologies
European expansionism spread their___________all over the world.
Worldview
The silk road…
Wasn’t good enough anymore.
_______trips were organized and went directly to the____not the_________.
Trading trips
Source
Middlemen
New trade route to the______had to be found in order to go directly to the_____and to avoid______,and to find a______route.
East
Source
Middlemen
Safe
The concept that the earth was a_____and not _______, gave sailors confidence to…
Sphere
Flat
That they could sail around the world to Asia and not fall off the world
Interest created in…
Travel and exploring new areas
________________was created by trying to get a_______________in______such as__________,_______of________based on_____and_______designs emerged.
Technological advancement Competitive advantage Trade Cartography Designs Arabic European
_______from_______was being used.
Compass
China
________from___________inventors were being used.
Astrolabes
Islamic
________allowed sailors to get_____and_________________that helped them on their______.
Printing press
Maps
Navigational tables
Voyages
_______,________,_______and______became the lead players of the age of exploration.
Portugal
France
Spain
England
Each lead player had an_____________.It was the best position to…
Atlantic coastline
Explore unknown parts of the world in the West.
_________financed overseas explorations hoping to find and secure a______to______for their country only
Monarchs
Route
China
New values favoring______and________, increased_________and__________of wealth spurred on further exploration.
Travel
Exploration
Consumerism
Accumulation
_______Portuguese sailors headed______and_____along the_____coast of_______.(To find new route to_____and____)
1400's South East Western Africa India and china
Portugal became the new____________for Europe.
Trade capital
Noted explorers of Portugal were…(2)
Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama
Bartholomew Diaz…
Reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1487
Vasco da Gama…
Crossed the Indian Ocean in 1524
Spain was______of Portugals_____and_____.
Envious
Wealth
Power
Spain wanted to find…
A direct route to China.
Noted explorers of Spain were…(2)
Columbus
Magellan
Magellan…
Explored the east coast of south Africa and found a passageway that led to the strait of magellan(first to circumnavigate the globe)
Columbus…
Discovered the Caribbean islands in 1492(thought it was Japan.
England was interested in______within______not_____.
Trade
Europe
Asia
John Cabot is also called…
Giovanni Caboto
John Cabot was______by_________and went to_________in______.
Funded
England
Newfoundland
1497
England saw Spain and Portugal become wealthy and decided it was time to…
Explore further
In_______Martin Frobisher was funded and searched for the…
1560
Northwest passage
By the_____century England had established more_______on the__________________than any other European country.
17
Colonies
Northern American Coast
France also saw Spain and Portugal become wealthy and decided it was time to…
Explore further
Frances expedition to______was defeated by the_______.
Florida
Spanish
In______Jaques Cartier explored the_________________.
St.Lawrence river
Imperialism built to_______________and_________of the controlling country.
Increase power
Wealth
Lands the___________took over were called____________even though people had been living there for thousands of years.
Europeans
New worlds
__________________thought they had the right to colonies based on their belief of_________and______________________.
Imperialist Nations
Cultural
Political superiority
________people were not viewed as______since they didn’t follow strict__________guidelines and____________, they were then called__________.
Indigenous Equal European Belief system Savages
Most societies practiced…
Ethnocentrism
The aztec/Inca were considered…
Inferior
Chinese/Indian considered…
Barbarous
Europeans believed__________was the only true religion and thought it was their duty to convert everyone to_______.
Christianity
Christian
_________and________affected the distribution of plants and animals around the world.
Exploration
Colonization
North America was transformed by…(5)
Metals Horses/ox Firearms Wheels War technologies
European diseases killed an estimated___%-___% of the indigenous population.
75%-90%
Some of the European diseases that killed the indigenous people were…(3)
Tuberculosis
Measles
Small pox
American indigenous people ways of life were…(3)
Personal liberty
Ideas about government/consensus
Lack of emphasis on personal property/wealth.
_________of European countries changed due to______coming from_______.
Economy
Wealth
Colonies
______/________coming from_______/_______empires into____upset the balance of Europe.
Gold/Silver
Aztec/Incan
Spain
More gold meant…
Gold lost it’s value
_________and____________didn’t develop industries or manufacturing facilities as it could_________.
Portugal
Spain
Buy all
_______,_________and the___________developed industries and facilities to provide the goods for________,________and_________.
England Germany Netherlands Spain Portugal
The more money in circulation…
The less it was worth(Inflation)
