Full Year Flashcards
Elements of society affected by worldview-(3)
Social systems
Culture
Political and economic systems
Factors affecting worldview-(3)
Geography
Ideas and knowledge
Contact with other groups
Worldview-
A collection of values and beliefs about life that is common to a group. The basis for the way you act, react, and feel about the world.
Society-
A group of people linked by common activities or interests and sharing a location; a group of humans defined by mutual interests, shared institutions and a common culture.
What were the middle ages?
A historical time in Europe stretching from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 4th century to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.(Medieval Times)
What was the silk road?
Started in 300BCE with the expansion of the Roman Empire. It was a system of trade routes stretching from Western Europe to the middle East, and parts of Asia. Was responsible for the transportation of goods, foods, and invention as well as disease. Also transported ideas and knowledge.
How did the Renaissance begin?
More contact-Exchange of ideas-Rapid change.(Especially in Italy)
What were the crusades?
Christians wanted control over the holy land, Jerusalem, so they asked Pope Urban II and he said yes. He asked all Christians in Europe to retake the Holy Lands. They sent out armies and men to recapture the Holy Lands. Some people sewed red crosses across their clothing as a symbol and called out, “Gods will it.” There were a total of 9 crusades, the majority unsuccessful.
Feudal System-
A political-economic-social system of landholding, in place in much of Europe in the Middle Ages. Class structure roles were very rigid.
What was the class structure like during the middle ages?
King-Higher Clergy-Nobles-Lesser Nobles, Knights, Lower Clergy-Serfs/Peasants.
How did trade contribute to a changing worldview? How did trade encourage expansionism?
Trade led to contact-New ideas and knowledge-Merchants and traders increased in Europe-They made a powerful new class outside of the hierarchy-Wealth brought power and influence-Influence of leaders and their worldviews-change in worldviews. Because of increased trading, cities began to grow. The largest cities in Europe during that time were Genoa, Venice, Paris, and Florence.
What can the Renaissance period be understood as?
A period of exchange of knowledge and ideas.
Time period for the Renaissance:
1350-1600
What happened during the Renaissance?
People began to learn new things, ancient Greek and Roman thinking was rediscovered, their was a revival of classical art, literature, architecture, and learning.
What were the worldviews during the Renaissance and Medieval times?
Renaissance-Humanism, they still believed in the after life, but also in having a rich and fulfilled life on earth.
Middle Ages-God was the centre of existence. If you were poor, you would have a poor life on earth but a great afterlife, if you were rich, you had to pay to go to heaven.
What empire had the largest impact in moving Europe from the middle ages to the Renaissance period?
The empires in Asia and Northern Africa had the most impact on Europe’s transition.
What was exchanged on the silk road?
Silks Pepper Cinnamon Spices Glassware Paper
What was the most important contribution to other nations that the silk road had?
The movement of ideas and knowledge.
What was the purpose of the crusades?
To gain control of the holy lands that many cultures should rightfully be theirs given their cultural history.
Feudalism:Form of government that had_________.
Hierarchy or classes.
What were some reasons for growth of city states?
Increased trading.
What were the main city states known for?
Florence-Leonardo DaVinci, highly successful bankers and silk and wool merchants, medici family.
Genoa-Main commercial gov’t city, centre of trade and commerce, surrounded by high walls, Christopher columbus, republic.
Venice-Marco Polo, Johanne of Speier, printing presses, aristocracy/oligarchy.
City-State-
A city that governs itself and the countryside surrounding it.
Urbanization-
The movement of a population away from the countryside and into cities.
Sovereignty-
Supreme power and authority;the freedom of a country or political unit from outside control
Humanism-
A system of thought that centers on humans and their values, potential, and worth; concerned with the welfare of humans.
Why is humanism important?
In the Renaissance people began to realize what humanism was and started to live more fulfilled lives.
How did scholars, mathematicians, philosophers, artists, scientists, and writers affect the Renaissance?
They all spread the ideas of humanism and ideas and knowledge.Scholars and Philosophers-Went to universities and exchanged ideas.
Artists-Art focused on religious themes and humanism.
Scientists and Mathematicians-They made people ask questions and search for natural cause.
Perspective-
A way of looking at the world.
Michelangelo-
Created art that was very realistic, great Renaissance painter, sculptor, artist, architect, poet, and engineer. Created David, Sistine Chapel, Pieta.
Leonardo DaVinci-
One of the best known Renaissance painters, introduced sfumato, ideas ahead of his time, Scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, musician, architect, and writer.
Copernicus-
Earth revolvement theory, his writings were banned as they questioned the beliefs of the RCC.
William Shakespeare-
Writing that was inventive use of language and their insights into human nature, wrote for all classes.
What was education like in the Renaissance-
Provided by the RCC. Focused on Rhetoric, grammar, and logic.
What was a Renaissance family like?
All extended family in house, father ruled finances, property and decision making for everyone, mother maintained household and helped everyone succeed, children were mini-adults and given duties as such, arranged marriages for children(girls by 16, men 30-40.)
Protestant reformation-
The 16th century movement to reform the doctrines and practices of the RCC which resulted in protestant churches.
Who was Martin Luther an what effect did he have on the Renaissance?
He was a german priest and professor at the university of Wittenberg, he was one of the most important reformers. He spread the ideas of humanism, he believed following the church was not enough to get into heaven, individuals should seek out personal religious understanding, and individuals should not pay to have their sins forgiven. He began to speak publicly and wrote a pamphlet of 95 church reforms he felt necessary. He was banned. So he started his own church. This spread across Europe.
Expansionism-
A gov’t policy encouraging territorial or economic expansion to other countries, often by force.
What was the age of discovery?
It began during the Renaissance in the early 15th century and continued into the 17th century. A European desire to expand their influence to other parts of the world. Increasing Expansionism.
What were the influences of Spain, Portugal, England, and France?
Since they were to far from the east, they had to deal with middle men for trade of exotic goods. As the four places became more centralized states, they became more powerful. Monarchs and wealthy merchants paid for voyages of exploration to find new trade routes east. They encouraged expansionism.Portugal-Bartholomew Diaz-Expanded eastward to china. Spain-Columbus. England-John Cabot-Claimed parts of North America. France-Jaques Cartier-Claimed land along St.Lawrence.
