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9th grade Biology Honors > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

cells

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1
Q

who was the first person to see dead cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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1
Q

who was the first person to see living cells?

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

who thought plants are made up of cells?

A

Matthias Schleiden

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3
Q

who thought animals were made up of cells and then concluded that all organisms were made up of cells?

A

Theodor Schowann

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4
Q

who thought that all cells come from other cells?

A

Rudolph Virchow

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5
Q

what is the old cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are made of cells
  2. cells are the basic units of living things
  3. new cells come from pre-existing cells
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6
Q

true or false: as technologies advanced and new discoveries were made about cells, the cell theory has been modified.

A

true

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7
Q

what is the modern cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are made of cells
  2. cells are the basic units of organisms
  3. new cells come from pre-existing cells
  4. energy flows within cells
  5. cells contain hereditary information (DNA) that is passed on from cell to cell during cell division
  6. cells of similar species have the same chemical compositions
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8
Q

what are some new technologies and discoveries allowed for additions to The Cell Theory?

A
  1. biochemical studies
  2. electron microscopes
  3. DNA structure and technologies
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9
Q

define cell diversity.

A

cell diversity are different types of cells form different tissues, which perform different jobs in the body.

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10
Q

red blood cells–

A

are round and flexible to fit through the round blood vessels

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11
Q

muscle cells–

A

are long and thin to move bones

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12
Q

neurons–

A

are nervous cells

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13
Q

fat cells–

A

provide energy storage

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14
Q

the shape of the cell is related to the job (________) of the cell

A

the missing word is function.

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15
Q

organelles–

A

cell structures inside cells that specific structures and functions in the cell.

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16
Q

what are the organelles for cellular boundaries and support?

A

cell wall, plasma or cell membrane, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton

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17
Q

what type of cells have a cell wall?

A

plants, bacteria, fungus, and protists

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18
Q

what is the job of the cell wall?

A

supports, gives structure and protects cells

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19
Q

what types of cells have a cell membrane or plasma membrane?

A

all of them

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20
Q

what is the job of the cell membrane or plasma membrane?

A

it control what goes in and out of the cell and is semipermeable; some materials can cross and others cannot

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21
Q

what types of cells have cytoplasm in them?

A

all of them

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22
Q

what is the job of cytoplasm?

A

it fills the cell and supports cell processes, has a cytoskeleton that gives the cell its shape, chemical reactions occur, and substances move around in it

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23
Q

what is cytoplasm made of?

A

its a jelly-like substance containing mostly water

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24
Q

what types of cells have cytoskeleton in them?

A

all of them

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25
Q

what is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

proteins

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26
Q

the cytoskeleton is complex in which types of cells?

A

animal and plant

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27
Q

what is the job of the cytoskeleton?

A

it helps the movement of vesicles, supports cell division, maintains the cell shape

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28
Q

which oraganelles are for cellular boundaries and support?

A

cell wall, plasma or cell membrane, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton

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29
Q

which organelles are for cellular control?

A

nucleus, DNA (chromosomes), nucleolus, nuclear membrane (envelope)

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30
Q

All cells have what…..

A

DNA, Cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cell membrane

31
Q

what types of cells have a nucleus?

A

plant, animal, fungi, and protists

32
Q

what does the nucleus have?

A

genetic material - DNA, cell membrane

33
Q

what is the job of the nucleus?

A

directs all cell activities

34
Q

true or false: nucleus are only in eukaryotic cells

A

true

35
Q

what else happens to the nucleus?

A

it divides during cellular division (mitosis)

36
Q

what types of cells have DNA?

A

all of them

37
Q

what does DNA have?

A

has code (instructions) to make proteins

38
Q

where is DNA found?

A

DNA is found loose as very long strings of chromatin

39
Q

what does DNA do when cell is ready to divide (mitosis)?

A

it will coil and condense into chromosomes when the cell is ready for mitosis, a copy of all DNA in a cell goes to the new cell

40
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have?

A

humans have 46 chromosomes

41
Q

what types of cells have a nucleolus?

A

plant, animal, fungi, protists

42
Q

what is the job of the nucleolus?

A

it produces ribosomes

43
Q

what types of cells have a nuclear membrane?

A

plant, animal, fungi, protists

44
Q

what is the job of the nucleolus?

A

it surrounds and protects the nucleus, has a double layer with pores (holes), and allows certain molecules to move in and out of the nucleus

45
Q

what organelles are used for assembly and transport?

A

ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, golgi bodies/complex, vesicles

46
Q

what types of cells contain ribosomes?

A

all of them

47
Q

what is the job of ribosomes?

A

makes proteins, it is scattered around the cytoplasm

48
Q

what types of cells contain endoplasmic reticulum?

A

plant, animal, fungi, and protists

49
Q

how many types of ER are there?

A

two; rough and smooth

50
Q

what does the ER do?

A

makes lipids and some proteins, moves things around the cell

51
Q

what does the rough ER do?

A

proteins that will be sent out are made in the rough ER, ribosomes makes proteins and rough ER moves them

52
Q

what does the smooth ER do?

A

assembles (makes) lipids (fats), then transport the lipids to other parts of the cell

53
Q

what types of cells contain golgi bodies?

A

eukaryotic cells

54
Q

what do golgi bodies do?

A

packages proteins and other materials to be put in vesicles

55
Q

what organelles are for storage and disposal?

A

vesicles, vacuoles, lysosome

56
Q

what types of cells contain vesicles?

A

all of them

57
Q

what do vesicles do?

A

vesicles with proteins are sent from rough ER to golgi and other vesicles are created by golgi to ship proteins

58
Q

what types of cells have vacuoles?

A

plant, fungi, and animal

59
Q

what do vacuoles in plant cells do?

A

membrane-bound sacs for storage and digestion, and waste removal

60
Q

what do vacuoles in animal cells do?

A

membrane-bound sacs for storage and digestion, and waste removal, animal cells have many small vacuoles

61
Q

what types of cells contain lysosomes?

A

almost all animal, some plant and protists

62
Q

what do lysosomes do?

A

they digest big molecules: proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, transports waste to be exported from the cell

63
Q

what organelles are used for energy?

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

64
Q

what types of cells have mitochondria?

A

plant, animal, fungi, protists

65
Q

what do mitochondria do?

A

produces energy (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration by breaking down glucose into energy the cell can use

66
Q

what types of cells contain chloroplasts?

A

plant, some bacteria and protists

67
Q

what do chloroplasts do?

A

photosynthesis occurs, contains green chlorophyll that captures sunlight’s energy

68
Q

what organelles are used for locomotion? (movement)

A

centrioles, cilia, flagella, pseudopod

69
Q

what types of cells contain centrioles?

A

animal, many protists

70
Q

what do centrioles do?

A

help assemble flagella and cilia in many protists, helps with cell division for animal cells to separate copies of DNA with spindle fibers

71
Q

what types of cells have cilia and flagella?

A

animal, protists, and bacteria

72
Q

what does cilia do?

A

moves the cell around beating a lot of cilia at once

73
Q

what does flagella do?

A

moves the cell around by making a whipping motion

74
Q

what does pseudopods do ?

A

moves the cell by extending the cell membrane forward, then the rest of the cell follows

9th grade Biology Honors (3 decks)

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