unit 3

Question 1

organic chemistry

Answer 1

study of complex carbon compounds that can be found in living things

Question 2

since carbon has 4 valence electrons, …

Answer 2

it can form 4 bonds with other atoms

Question 3

what are the three complex carbon compounds

Answer 3

single, double, and triple bond

Question 4

when you see a drawn out atom and two lines are touching without anything between them what is there secretly

Answer 4

carbon

Question 5

brick-wall-mansion

Answer 5

monomer-polymer-macromolecules

Question 6

monomer

Answer 6

small and simple

Question 7

polymer

Answer 7

repeated linked monomers covalent bonded

Question 8

condensation reaction

Answer 8

used to build a polymer by removing the -OH from one monomer and the -H from a second resulting in formation of water

Question 9

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

used to break down a polymer through addition of water, like digestion

Question 10

like your body’s cells blinding macro-molecules…

Answer 10

they need from things you eat

Question 11

the 4 molecules of life

Answer 11

carbohydrates
lipids
protein
nucleic acids

Question 12

You either ____ or _______ molecules

Answer 12

build, break

Question 13

Nothing works without_____

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

All living things are made of similar ________ ________compounds

Answer 14

complex carbon

Question 15

What group of elements are the molecules of life made of

Answer 15

CHONPS

Question 16

the 4 molecules of life transport and insert what

Answer 16

DNA from different organisms

Question 17

Carbohydrates

Answer 17

compounds which contain C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 18

how does the body use carbohydrates

Answer 18

for fast fuel or short term energy

Question 19

Very _____ energy is used to break down ________

Answer 19

little, carbohydrates

Question 20

Peptidoglycan

Answer 20

bacteria cell walls

Question 21

Cellulose

Answer 21

in plant cell walls

Question 22

chitin

Answer 22

in exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods

Question 23

what happens to excess carbs in the body?

Answer 23

may be converted into lipids and stored as fat

Question 24

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 24

monosaccharide, disacchardies, polysacchardies

Question 25

glucose *

Answer 25

comes from plants through photosynthesis: main sugar metabolized by the body for energy

Question 26

galactose

Answer 26

from milk (glucose -> galactose-> lactose)

Question 27

fructose

Answer 27

from fruit

Question 28

what's the molecular formula for all 3 carbohydrates

Answer 28

C6 H12 O6

Question 29

Disaccharides *

Answer 29

two monosaccharides joined together by a condensation reaction, forming a molecule of water in the process

Question 30

The 3 disaccharides *

Answer 30

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 31

polysaccharide

Answer 31

many monosaccharides joined together

Question 32

Glucose+glucose+glucose+glucose... *

Answer 32

-> Glycogen (stored in liver and muscle) -> starch (stored in plants) -> cellulose ( stored in wood- most abundant organic compound on Earth)

Question 33

what is adrenaline

Answer 33

stored glucose being released and afterward you feel exhausted because you used all your glycogen)

Question 34

Lipids

Answer 34

non-polar compounds which contain C, H, and O but not in any specific ratio

Question 35

Do lipids desolve in water, why or why not?

Answer 35

No because there hydrophobic

Question 36

Lipids are found in....

Answer 36

meat, fish, oils, avocado, eggs, and nuts

Question 37

What energy do lipids give off

Answer 37

long-term energy

Question 38

Lipids allows body to absorb ________

Answer 38

fat soluble vitamins

Question 39

Lipids are made up of *

Answer 39

glycerol plus three fatty acids

Question 40

Most plants convert there excess sugars to what

Answer 40

starch or some seeds have oils

Question 41

Saturated fats

Answer 41

comes from animals and are solids at room temp: easily stick together in blood

Question 42

unsaturated fats

Answer 42

comes from plants and are liquids at room temp; healthier for you

Question 43

However they easily go rancid and are difficult to use in solid food products so what do food manufactures do

Answer 43

they "hydrogenate" which makes them semi-solid at room temp: however they form trans fats which increase bad cholesterol

Question 44

Types of Lipids *

Answer 44

Phospholipids, triglyceride, steroids

Question 45

phospholipids

Answer 45

two non-polar fatty acid tails with a polar head containing glycerol and phosphate; form bi layers in water, and make up all cell membranes

Question 46

triglyceride

Answer 46

three fatty acid tails connected to one glycerol molecule; primarily used for fuel; stores much more energy then carbohydrates

Question 47

steroids *

Answer 47

a soft, wazy substances found among the lipids in the blood stream and in all your body's cells

Question 48

steroids are used for...

Answer 48

forming cell membranes, some hormones, and is needed for other functions.

Question 49

proteins

Answer 49

complex, specialized globular molecules composed oh C,H, O, N, and sometimes S

Question 50

what are proteins used for *

Answer 50

most are used for structure, motion, and support (Hair, nails, organs, muscle, ETC), growth and repair of cells, transporting substances across cell membranes and oxygen

Question 51

What do antibodies do in your immune system

Answer 51

protect us from foreign substances that disturb homeostasis

Question 52

What foods are proteins found in

Answer 52

meat, fish, legumes, nuts, milk, eggs, grain, and soy

Question 53

nonpolar-polar-acidic-basic

Answer 53

hydrophobic-hydrophilic-neg charge-pos. charge

Question 54

NH2

Answer 54

amino group

Question 55

CO2H

Answer 55

carboxyl group

Question 56

The 4 different group drawing thingy

Answer 56

one part is the carboxyl group one part is amino group one part is the R group chain, and a hydrogen atom

Question 57

all life is connected because....

Answer 57

it uses the same macro molecules as building blocks