central dogma of biology Flashcards
what are the sides of DNA made of
deoxyribose sugar and prosphate
karotype
a graph of the 23 human homologous chromosomes in every nucleus which can make millions of base pairs
what does a nucleotide contain
a nitrogenous (A,T,G, or C), a phosphate, and a sugar (deoxyribosome)
What are 2 ringed structures
G and A are purine
what are 1 ringed structures
C and T are pyrimidine
why do one and two ringed structures connect to each other
to make the DNA structure fairly even with 3 ring on every base pair
human genome project
it shows where every gene/chromosome was located in the cell
Watson and crick
idea of the double helix for DNA
DNA differences for RNA
DNA is double helix, has thymine, and deoxyribosome sugar
RNA differences for DNA
single stranded, Uracil, and ribose sugar
What does R stand for
R is like the X of Bio and it is a variable that can be changed
how many amino acids exist
20
Carbohydrates
immediate E, breaks down in mouth
Lipids
water proof the body, stored E, in hormons
Nucleic Acids
Herity, DNA + RNA
Proteins
Makes up muscle, hormones, connective tissue, blood, antibodies, hair, nail, ETC
Why are proteins ALL shaped differently
- hydrophilic/phobic
- basic or acidic
- positive/negative charge
- the AA can change how the Quaternary structure is formed
glabular
it is used to describe proteins because of there weird shapes
mRNA
it decodes the AA of a polypeptide, directed by DNA, and happens during transcription
polypeptide
a group of AA
rRNA
makes up ribosomes which makes mRNA to a protein
tRNA (train car)
brings the AA to the ribosomes during translation
Central dogma
it is a 2 step process that takes DNA’s info and makes proteins for the organism
Where does central dogma occur?
It happens in every cell but it is always different
