Unit 3

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A relatively permeant change in Bx as a result of experiences in our environment

Question 2

Learned Respondent Bx

Answer 2

conditioned reflex

Question 3

Unlearned Respondent Bx

Answer 3

unconditioned reflex occurs due to phylogenic Provence our genes

Question 4

Learned Bx

Answer 4

Occurs due to Ontogenic providence when Bx is due to Ontogeneic provenance that means it is the result of environmental learning

Question 5

Chaining

Answer 5

A sequence of Responses that are linked together

Question 6

Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

ABC or SRS Contingency
A or S Antecedent or Stimulus proceeding a response
B or S Behavior or Response that occur
C or S Consequence of stimulus that immediately follows the response

Question 7

Operant Bx

Answer 7

Learned, emitted or evoked
Consequences play a role in controlling the contingency
-Something learned from Antecedent control

Consequence (Stimulus) will always follow the response

Question 8

Operant Bx

Answer 8

ABC influenced by Antecedents and Consequences

Question 9

Operant

Answer 9

Everything learned
evokes consequences through central nervous system
ex. speaking thinking putting on your shoes, opening the door, answering the phone

Question 10

Operant Bx

Answer 10

CONSEQUENCES

ex. ABC ex. walking, talking eating

Question 11

Conditioned Response

Answer 11

CR part of a conditioned reflex relation

It is topographically the same as UR, the only difference is that it is elicited by CS

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

No longer reinforcing previously reinforced Bx
with holding a reinforcer, requires previous history of reinforcement and decreases the future frequency of Bx
Ex. ask for ice cream and she gives it to me was a reinforcer so when I ask again she no longer gives it to me it decreases the frequency of Bx. no longer giving it is extinction

Question 13

EvocatiVe

Answer 13

momentary increase in behaVior

Question 14

AbatiVe

Answer 14

momentary decrease in behaVior

Question 15

4 types of consequences

Answer 15

Reinforcer
Extinction
Punisher
Recovery from Punishment

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

comes after the Bx and results in an increase in future frequency. It’s a consequence
simply means a strengthening of a response– -typically an increase in future rate of responding. This can actually occur due to adding something to the environment (positive) or removing something from the environment (negative)

Question 17

Punishment

Answer 17

Comes AFTER the Bx and results in decrease in future frequency
Providing some specific consequent that reduces the frequency of Bx without first stating a specific history of reinforcement
-is a weakening of behavior, typically a decrease in future rate of response. This can actually occur due to adding something to the environment (positive) or removing something from the environment (negative)

Question 18

Shaping:

Answer 18

using one response and systematically change it into a better response (withholding reinforcer includes reinforcers and extinctions)
ex. we shape handwriting or talking through repeated use of differentiation

Question 19

Differential Reinforcement:

Answer 19

Action of giving reinforcing some responses while putting others on extinction

Question 20

Recovery from punishment is the same as

Answer 20

Operant Extinction

WHY???

Question 21

Differentiation

Answer 21

Reinforcing one Bx

Question 22

Discrimination

Answer 22

One stimulus being reinforced amongst other stimuli but still only reinforcing the one!

Question 23

Induction

Answer 23

???

Question 24

Stimulus generalization

Answer 24

A group of stimuli having something in common

Question 25

Thordike discovered

Answer 25

The Law of effect

Question 26

Bx Altering

Answer 26

Antecedent stimulus are being altered | Stimulus response immediately

Question 26

Function altering

Answer 26

Stimulus 1 alters the way 2nd stimulus functions later on over time

Question 27

Former Consequences Are Withheld

Answer 27

``` 1. Extinction = withhold positive reinforcement = WITHHOLD ATTENTION (etc)---not "withdraw” Rate shoots UP, then goes down in long run ``` 2. Escape extinction = withhold negative reinforcement = WITHHOLD ESCAPE Rate shoots UP, then goes down in long run 3. Spontaneous recovery= Sudden re-emergence = An Increase in rate a little while after successful extinction: Rate goes back down if reinforcement is still withheld 4. Recovery from punishment= aka, "Recovery"= WITHHOLD PUNISHMENT Rate goes up over time

Question 28

Extinction

Answer 28

withhold positive reinforcement = WITHHOLD ATTENTION (etc)---not "withdraw” Rate shoots UP, then goes down in long run -withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced response, which results in a decrease in the rate of response.

Question 29

Escape extinction

Answer 29

withhold negative reinforcement = WITHHOLD ESCAPE Rate shoots UP, then goes down in long run

Question 30

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 30

Sudden re-emergence = An Increase in rate a little while after successful extinction: Rate goes back down if reinforcement is still withheld

Question 31

Recovery from punishment

Answer 31

aka, "Recovery"= WITHHOLD PUNISHMENT Rate goes up over time

Question 32

law of effect states

Answer 32

Organisms learn through consequences

Question 33

effect of reinforcement is

Answer 33

Function Altering effect

Question 34

three-term contingency

Answer 34

(Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) leads us to the function of the behavior: why the Bx occurs. -leads us to the function of behavior-- WHY the behavior occurs. We need to understand the events that occasion and maintain behavior.

Question 35

law of effect states

Answer 35

Organisms learn through consequences

Question 37

add to or subtract effects

Answer 37

nature of the environmental change

Question 38

increase/decrease has to do with

Answer 38

the effect on future behavior

Question 39

Define how the terms “positive” and “negative” are used in relation to consequences. Consequences can have a positive (adding something to the environment) or a negative (taking something away). The consequence would result in positive or negative Bx.

Answer 39

we are referring to the nature of the environmental change.

Question 40

Define what is meant by “automaticity of reinforcement” Automatically of reinforcement: This has to do with something that isn't spoken? there is a key word and not something easy to remember so close in wording of other words.

Answer 40

einforcement works whether you 'understand' it or not -- we are sensitive to contingencies whether or not we can state them.

Question 41

Premack Principal.

Answer 41

Using permission to engage in a high probabability Bx (playing video games