unit 3 Flashcards
What is a metaphor for ATP?
the currency for your cell
what is Hydrolysis of ATP
removing a phosphate group
What are the three components of ATP
adenine ribose phosphate group
what is an exothermic reaction
energy is realeased
What is an endothermic reaction
energy is consumed
What is phosphorylation
Removing and adding phosphorus multiple times
what is substrate level phosphorylation
energy released during a reaction in small amounts.
what is oxidative phosphorylation
Lots of ATP is made, combines the ETC and chemiosmosis
what are the four phases of cellular respiration
glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation(ETC)
how many ATPs are produced for every glucose molecule
38
What is fermentation
The second option is when there is not enough ATP. Muscle cells repeat lactic acid fermentation where 2 pyruvate results in 2 NADH to repeat glycolysis.
Explain OILRIG
oxidation is loss, reduction is gaining. (in terms of NADH+ or NADH + H)
Explain Glycolysis
6 glucose forms 2 pyruvate which creates 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Explain Krebs Cycle and what the electrons do with themselves
NADH and FADH is produced and carries electrons where 2 pyruvate forms. The link reaction creates Acetly Coa and then attatched to a 4 carbon molecule. The rounds go twice, forming CO2
waht are substances used for cellular fuel
carbs, fats, proteins
what are the oxidized and reduced forms of NADH
Oxidized: NAD+
Reduced: NADH
how do redox reactions work
There are two reactants and two products. The varaibel being oxidixed is more electronegative and the less electronegative varible is the oxidizing agent because they are removing and adding electrons. It goes the same with reduction agents and what is being reducted
Explain the ETC
NADH and FADH carry electrons the the chain where elctrons pass through the inner membrane creating a proton gradient. The left h+ form H20 The protons then pass through the ATP Synthase and create ATP
what type of transport does the ATP synthase enzyme create for the protons
facilitated
What does chlorophyll do
absorb energy and create electrons and reduct NADP to NADPH
What is a photosystem
light capturing unit
What happens during the hydrolysis of water in light dependent reactions
02 is created as a bi product and H ions flow, creating a proton gradient
What is the calvin cycle
the reactants use the products of the light dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) and C02 to create carbohydrartes
what are the reactants and products of the calvin cycle
reactants: CO2, ATP, and NADPH and the products are glyceraldehyde G3P, ADP, and NADP+.
Explain the chloroplast set up of strucutres
the chlorophyll is formed into stacks called Thylakoid, multiple stacks mean a Granum. The stubstance outside of stacks is called stoma
EXPLAIN the calvin cycle
CO2 attatched to RUBP, powered by NADH and forms G3P molecules, putting 2 for sugar use. The other G3P’s are reduced and reset back to 6 total RUBP molecules, ready for the next calvin cycle
Theee phases of the Calvin cycle
Fixation: after co2 it is split into 3:3 carbon
Reduction: Nadph donates electron to prepare for regeneration
Regeneration: 3 carbon back to 5 carbon or RUBP
