Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the electrical chargesbof water
Oxygen is partially negative and hydrogen is partiallly positive
How strong are hydrogen bonds
Weak
Cohesion
Hydrogen bonds hold they’re substance togetjerb
Adhesion
The Clinging of one substance to another together
Surface tension
How strong are the top layer of hydrogen bonds
Thermal energy vs temperature
Total kinetic energy vs. average kinetic energy
What happens when there’s heat vs cold air againast watwrb
Heat breaks the hydrogen bonds and cold forms the hydrogen bonds
Apply the knowledge of heat and cold weather affevtijg water and hydrogen bonds
In summer the air will be colder because the bonds are forming and in winter the air will be warmer because the bonds are forming
Hydrophobic
Repelling water
Hydrophilic
Attracting/absorbing water
Buffer and why does it do that
Minimizes charges in the H+ and OH-
It accepts the excess hydrogen bonds (weak acid with corresponding base)
Two kinds of lipids
Fatty acids and steroids
What happens when glycogen storage is full
Carbohydrates turn into Lipids that are organized with different bonds and random ratios of CHO
What is lipids relationship with water
Hydrophobic
What are the categories of lipids
Fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids
Two categories of fat
Unsaturated(liquid) and saturated(solids)
What do phoslipids make and why
The cell membrane because the heads are hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic
Are enzymes a protein
Yes
What are proteins made up of
29 different amino acids
Different protein structures
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quarternary
Describe primary protein structure
Linear chain of amino acids
Describe secondary protein structure
Layers or a helix connected with hydrogen bonds
Describe tertiary protein structure
3D shape stabilized with side chains (includes both secondary structures)
Describe quaternary protein structure
Two or more polypeptides (tertiary structures)
Define polypeptides
Long chains of amino acids that bond with peptide bonds
Carbohydrates CHNOP
CHO
Different saccharides
Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide example
fructose
Disaccharide example
Sucrose
Polysaccharide examples
Glycogen and starch
protein CHONP
CHON
Functions of proteins
Muscle, hormones, antibodies, transport proteins, chemical messengers
How to determine a protein?
NCC straight backbone
What does the shape of a macromolecule mean
It’s function
Nucleic acid CHNOP
CHNOP
What does a nucleic acid include
Phosphate group
5 carbon Sugar group
Nitrogenous base
What’s the difference between a ribose and deoxyribose group
At the bottom there is a disrupted pair that’s has no oxygen connected right hydrogen (deoxyridose)
What did adenine and guanine make?
Two rings(purine) pure as gold
Lipids CHNOP
CHO
