Unit 2 Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Assembles proteins and lipids. Rough has ribosomes smooth doesn’t
Golgi apparatus
Modified, ships, packages proteins and lipids for storage and transport
Chloroplast
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Mitochondria
Concert chemical energy to usable compounds
Cell wall
Shapes, supports, and protects plant cells
Cell membrane
Regulates materials entering and leaving the cell
Vacuoles
Store materials and support structure of cell
Lysosomes
Break down and recycle macromolecules
Desmosomes
Attach muscle cells to eachother in an muscle
Gap junctions
Provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another, communication
Micro tubes
Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and movement
Micro filaments
Strands of actin that maintain cell shape, muscle contraction, and cell division
List the 6 cell concepts
- Fluid and flexible
- Self repair
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
- Membrane proteins have special functions (movement)
- Gap junctions between animal cells
- Bacteria cells reproduce through binary fission
How does unsaturated and saturated carbon tails affect the fluidity of the membrane?
Unsaturated carbon tails will stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails
Why do Unsaturated carbon tails stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails
Unsaturated carbon tails have double bonds that allow the cold temperatures to kink instead of solidify
Passive transport
Diffusion of a substance across a membrane without energy
Osmosis
Passive transport diffusion of water
Hypertonic (what happens and the condition for animal/plant
More solutes
Shrinkage
shrunk/plasmolyzed
Isotonic (what happens and the condition)
Equilibrium
Hypotonic (what happens and the condition animal/plant)
More solvents
Swelling
lysed/turgid
Facilitated diffusion
Polar molecules and ions diffuse with transport proteins
Active transport
Diffusion (solutes) against the concentration gradient
How do proteins respond to active transport
They change their shape
Exocytosis
Cells export molecules via vesicles from the plasma membrane
Endocystosis
Cells absorb molecules via forming vesicles
How do cells know what to absorb?
Cells use receptors to take in specific molecules (mutations cause diseases)
what 5 substances are kept in the blood during the kidney function
red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, glucose, and amino acids
what substances are removed from the blood during the kidney function
Urea
what substances are balanced during kidney functions
salt and water
Describe how passive transport is used during kidney filtration
Substances pass through the screen of the kidney and the bigger substances that remain in the blood reside in the Renal Vein while the small substances remain in the nephron to be reabsorbed
Describe how active transport is used during kidney reabsorption
Transport proteins pick out glucose and amino acids to be completely reabsorbed and partially reabsorb water and salt.(specific amounts)
What size of cell is the best for diffusion
Smaller cells, larger surface area
What is phagocytosis
the intake of large bacteria or molecules for animal cells
What are glycoproteins made for
communication and identification
What are cell walls made of
carbohydrates
