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AP BIO > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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2
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins

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3
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Assembles proteins and lipids. Rough has ribosomes smooth doesn’t

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4
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modified, ships, packages proteins and lipids for storage and transport

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5
Q

Chloroplast

A

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

Concert chemical energy to usable compounds

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Shapes, supports, and protects plant cells

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8
Q

Cell membrane

A

Regulates materials entering and leaving the cell

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9
Q

Vacuoles

A

Store materials and support structure of cell

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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

Break down and recycle macromolecules

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11
Q

Desmosomes

A

Attach muscle cells to eachother in an muscle

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12
Q

Gap junctions

A

Provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another, communication

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13
Q

Micro tubes

A

Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and movement

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14
Q

Micro filaments

A

Strands of actin that maintain cell shape, muscle contraction, and cell division

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15
Q

List the 6 cell concepts

A
  1. Fluid and flexible
  2. Self repair
  3. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
  4. Membrane proteins have special functions (movement)
  5. Gap junctions between animal cells
  6. Bacteria cells reproduce through binary fission
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16
Q

How does unsaturated and saturated carbon tails affect the fluidity of the membrane?

A

Unsaturated carbon tails will stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails

17
Q

Why do Unsaturated carbon tails stay fluid at a colder temperature than saturated carbon tails

A

Unsaturated carbon tails have double bonds that allow the cold temperatures to kink instead of solidify

18
Q

Passive transport

A

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane without energy

19
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive transport diffusion of water

20
Q

Hypertonic (what happens and the condition for animal/plant

A

More solutes
Shrinkage
shrunk/plasmolyzed

21
Q

Isotonic (what happens and the condition)

A

Equilibrium

22
Q

Hypotonic (what happens and the condition animal/plant)

A

More solvents
Swelling
lysed/turgid

23
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Polar molecules and ions diffuse with transport proteins

24
Q

Active transport

A

Diffusion (solutes) against the concentration gradient

25
Q

How do proteins respond to active transport

A

They change their shape

26
Q

Exocytosis

A

Cells export molecules via vesicles from the plasma membrane

27
Q

Endocystosis

A

Cells absorb molecules via forming vesicles

28
Q

How do cells know what to absorb?

A

Cells use receptors to take in specific molecules (mutations cause diseases)

29
Q

what 5 substances are kept in the blood during the kidney function

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, glucose, and amino acids

30
Q

what substances are removed from the blood during the kidney function

A

Urea

31
Q

what substances are balanced during kidney functions

A

salt and water

32
Q

Describe how passive transport is used during kidney filtration

A

Substances pass through the screen of the kidney and the bigger substances that remain in the blood reside in the Renal Vein while the small substances remain in the nephron to be reabsorbed

33
Q

Describe how active transport is used during kidney reabsorption

A

Transport proteins pick out glucose and amino acids to be completely reabsorbed and partially reabsorb water and salt.(specific amounts)

34
Q

What size of cell is the best for diffusion

A

Smaller cells, larger surface area

35
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

the intake of large bacteria or molecules for animal cells

36
Q

What are glycoproteins made for

A

communication and identification

37
Q

What are cell walls made of

A

carbohydrates

AP BIO (8 decks)

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