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Biology 1610 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

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2
Q

mass number

A

number of protons + neutrons

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3
Q

letter for Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen.

A

C H O N

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4
Q

letter for Calcium

A

Ca

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5
Q

letter for phosphorus

A

P

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6
Q

letter for Potassium

A

K

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7
Q

letter for sulfur

A

S

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8
Q

letter for sodium

A

Na

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9
Q

letter for Chlorine

A

Cl

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10
Q

letter for magnesium

A

Mg

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11
Q

letter for Iodin

A

I

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12
Q

letter for iron

A

Fe

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13
Q

describe an atom

A

basic unit of matter
nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
outer region holds electrons in orbit.

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14
Q

same element (same number of protons), but different number of neutrons.

A

isotope

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15
Q

Maximum electrons per shell
shell 1
shell 2
shell 3

A

shell 1 = 2 electrons
shell 2 = 8 electrons
shell 3 = 18 electrons

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16
Q

outermost shell with electrons in idealized state.

A

Valence shell

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17
Q

Electron pair shared between the valence shells of two atoms.

A

covalent bond

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18
Q

electrons not shared equally, causing partial charges

A

polar covalent bond

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19
Q

Electrons shared equally

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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20
Q

attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

A

Ionic Bond

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21
Q

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

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22
Q

molecular formula

A

shows how many of each atom are present.

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23
Q

electronegativity

A

tendency of an atom or functional group to attract electrons.

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24
Q

ion

A

atom gains or loses one or more electrons and becomes charged.

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25
Q

positive ions that form by losing an electron

A

Cation

26
Q

Negative ions form by gaining electrons

A

anion

27
Q

occur whenever chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken.

A

Chemical reaction

28
Q

________ is the substance that takes part in change during a reaction. the _______ is formed from the chemical reaction.

A

reactant and product

29
Q

chemical reaction between the reactants stay in a stable state before and after the reaction.

A

equilibrium

30
Q

a mixture where solutes are dissolved into a solvent

A

solution

31
Q

how much solution is dissolved per unit of solvent or solution.
• Usually symbolized with brackets

A

concentration

32
Q

Molarity

A

moles of solute/liters of solution.

33
Q

increase [H+] by donating H+ to the solution

A

acid

34
Q

decreases [H+] by removing H+ from the solution

A

base

35
Q

index of the amount of H+ in solution

A

pH

36
Q

maintain relatively stable pH by absorbing and releasing H+

A

buffer

37
Q

Hydroxyl group compound name

A

alcohol

38
Q

carbonyl group compound name

A

Ketone Aldehyde

39
Q

carboxyl group compound name

A

carboxylic acid, or organic acid

40
Q

Amino group compound name

A

Amine

41
Q

Sulfhydryl group compound name

A

Thiol

42
Q

Phosphate group compound name

A

Organic Phosphate

43
Q

Methyl group compound name

A

Methylated Compound

44
Q

• contain C or H
• formed in biological systems.

A

organic molecules

45
Q

Organic macromolecules

A

o Carbohydrates
o Lipids
o Proteins
o Nucleic acid

46
Q

Basic unit of an organic molecule

A

monomer

47
Q

many attached monomers

A

polymer

48
Q

combining two molecules by removing a water molecule

A

dehydration reaction

49
Q

breaking down a larger molecule by adding water

A

hydrolysis

50
Q

Provide energy for cell activities,
Energy transportation and storage (short-term), are
hydrophilic

A

carbohydrates

51
Q

simplest unit (monomer) of carbohydrate

A

monosaccharide

52
Q

Polysaccharide

A

many monosaccharides

53
Q

main sugar found in your blood.

A

glucose

54
Q

important for Energy storage (especially long-term)
Important component of cell membranes
hydrophobic

A

lipids

55
Q

made up of amino acids, main molecules that carry out cell functions.

A

proteins

56
Q

carbon with four bonds:
o Hydrogen
o Amine (NH2)
o Carboxyl (COOH

A

amino acids

57
Q

Energy currency within cells, Stores energy in bonds between phosphate groups.

A

ATP

58
Q

Chemical reaction where energy is released.

A

Exergonic Reaction

59
Q

Chemical reaction where energy is absorbed.

A

Endergonic reaction

60
Q

Dehydration reactions between amino acids

A

Peptide bonds

61
Q

Pick any element.
how many valence electrons?
what is its charge?

A

google that shit

Biology 1610 (10 decks)

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