Unit 2 Flashcards
Responsible for mechanism of Natural selection
Charles Darwin / Alfred Russell Wallace
selective breeding of domesticated organisms.
Artificial Selection
Pressures select for traits that are better suited to the current environment.
Natural Selection
genetic contribution to next generation relative to other individuals
Relative Fitness
selection that favors phenotypes at one end of the spectrum of existing variation
directional selection
selection against average phenotypes.
* Selects more extreme phenotypes.
disruptive selection
selection that favors average phenotypes
stabilizing selection
combines natural selection (Darwin/Wallace) with current understanding of inheritance (Mendellian genetics).
Modern Synthesis
all individuals of species have died out
Extinct
at least some individuals are still living so that species is surviving.
Extant
Structures that have shared ancestry.
Homology
Geographic distribution of organisms.
Biogeography
similar structures derived separately.
Analogy
species with a common ancestor that change to become increasingly different over time.
Divergent evolution
process by which groups of organisms independently evolve similar traits
Convergent evolution
