Unit 2.2 Cellular respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
What are the stages of glycolysis?
-In the energy investment phase energy is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and other intermediates
-The phosphorylation leads to the generation of more energy during the energy-pay-off phase
-This results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
What are the stages of the citric acid cycle?
- In aerobic conditions pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group and carbon dioxide which is removed from the process. The acetyl group then combines with the co-enzyme A to form acetyl-co-A
-The acetyl group from the acetyl-co-A will then combine with oxaloacetate to form Citrate which after many intermediates will be converted back into oxaloacetate, this results in the generation of ATP and the release of carbon dioxide
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
The matrix of the mitochondria (must be specific and say of the mitochondria)
What is the role of dehydrogenase enzymes?
remove hydrogen ions and high energy electrons and pass them on to the co-enzyme NAD to form NADH which is then passed on to the electron transport chain. This process occurs both in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
The inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens in the process of ATP synthesis?
-electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing energy
-This energy allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
-The flow of charged hydrogen ions through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in the production of ATP
-Hydrogen Ion and electrons combine with oxygen to form water
What is the electron transport chain?
The electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
In what conditions does fermentation take place?
In the absence of oxygen
What happens in the fermentation pathway of animals?
pyruvate is converted to lactate in a reversible reaction
What happens in the fermentation pathway of plants/yeast?
Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide in an irreversible reaction
Does fermentation result in the production of ATP?
Yes it results in the production of 2 ATP from the glycolysis stage however much less ATP will be produced than in aerobic respiration
What is the role of ATP?
ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes that require energy
