Unit 1.1 DNA and the Genome Flashcards

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1
Q

What forms the genetic code of an organism?

A

The base sequence of the organism’s DNA

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2
Q

What are the basic units of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

What makes up a DNA nucleotide?

A

-Phosphate Group
-Deoxyribose sugar
-One of four complementary bases

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4
Q

What are the rules of complementary base pairing?

A

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

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5
Q

What type of bonding holds strands of DNA together?

A

Weak hydrogen bonding between the complementary bases.

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6
Q

What type of bonding holds nucleotides together?

A

Covalent bonding

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7
Q

What does the term Antiparallel mean in relation to DNA strands?

A

Strands of DNA will be running in opposite directions, one strand running in a 5’ to 3’ direction and the other strand running in a 3’ to 5’ direction.

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8
Q

What do we call the shape of DNA?

A

Double stranded helix

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9
Q

What is the organisation of DNA like in Prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotes have a singular circular chromosome and smaller circular loops of DNA called plasmids.

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10
Q

What is the organisation of DNA like in Eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotes all have linear chromosomes stored in their nucleus, these linear chromosomes are tightly wrapped around histone proteins.

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11
Q

Do Eukaryotes contain circular chromosomes and if so where can they be found?

A

Yes Eukaryotes contain circular chromosomes in their mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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12
Q

What type of Eukaryote contains plasmids?

A

Yeast

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