Unit 1.1 DNA and the Genome

Question 1

What forms the genetic code of an organism?

Answer 1

The base sequence of the organism’s DNA

Question 2

What are the basic units of DNA?

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

What makes up a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 3

-Phosphate Group
-Deoxyribose sugar
-One of four complementary bases

Question 4

What are the rules of complementary base pairing?

Answer 4

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 5

What type of bonding holds strands of DNA together?

Answer 5

Weak hydrogen bonding between the complementary bases.

Question 6

What type of bonding holds nucleotides together?

Answer 6

Covalent bonding

Question 7

What does the term Antiparallel mean in relation to DNA strands?

Answer 7

Strands of DNA will be running in opposite directions, one strand running in a 5’ to 3’ direction and the other strand running in a 3’ to 5’ direction.

Question 8

What do we call the shape of DNA?

Answer 8

Double stranded helix

Question 9

What is the organisation of DNA like in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes have a singular circular chromosome and smaller circular loops of DNA called plasmids.

Question 10

What is the organisation of DNA like in Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Eukaryotes all have linear chromosomes stored in their nucleus, these linear chromosomes are tightly wrapped around histone proteins.

Question 11

Do Eukaryotes contain circular chromosomes and if so where can they be found?

Answer 11

Yes Eukaryotes contain circular chromosomes in their mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 12

What type of Eukaryote contains plasmids?

Answer 12

Yeast