Unit 1.6 Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are mutations?

A

Changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised

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2
Q

What are the different types of single gene mutation?

A

-Substitution
-insertion
-deletion

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3
Q

What is a Missense mutation?

A

Mutations that come as a result of a change of one amino acid for another, possibly resulting in a non-functional protein being produced or could have little side effects to the protein

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4
Q

What is a Nonsense mutation?

A

A mutation that is a result of a premature stop codon which results in the protein being produced being shorter than intended

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5
Q

What is a splice site mutation?

A

Splice site mutations result in some introns being retained and some some exons not being included in the mature mRNA transcript causing a change in shape and function of protein produced

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6
Q

What is a frame shift mutation?

A

A mutation that causes all of the codons and all of the amino acids after the mutation to be changed this has a major effect on the shape and function of the protein produced and are caused by insertion or deletion mutations

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7
Q

What are the different types of chromosome structure mutations?

A
  • Deletion
    -Inversion
    -Translocation
    -Duplication
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8
Q

What happens in a deletion mutation?

A

A section of a chromosome is removed

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9
Q

What happens in a Inversion mutation?

A

A section of the chromosome is reversed

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10
Q

What happens in a translocation mutation?

A

Where a section of a chromosome is added to a chromosome that is not its homologous partner

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11
Q

What is a duplication mutation?

A

A mutation where a section of a chromosome is added from its homologous partner

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12
Q

Which one of the chromosome structure mutations could provide benefit to an organism?

A

Duplication, as it allows for the duplicated gene to possess some beneficial mutations however the original gene can still be expressed to produce required proteins should the duplicated region contain some disadvantageous mutation

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