unit 2 WORLD WAR 1 (1914-1918) Flashcards
MA2IN causes of WWI (1914-1918)
M
Militarism
- arms race
- building the army, navy and air force
- which country had the strongest army
MA2IN causes of WWI (1914-1918)
A
Alliances
- triple entente or the Allies
- (french, england, canada, russia)
- central powers / triple alliance
- (germany, italy, austria hungry)
MA2IN causes of WWI (1914-1918)
A
Assassination of the Austria Archduke
MA2IN causes of WWI (1914-1918)
I
Imperialism
-one country taking over an other country to strengthen their empire
MA2IN causes of WWI (1914-1918)
N
Nationalism
-a strong feeling of one’s attachment to a nation or coulture
How did Canada get involved?
1910 PM Wilfred Laurier said “when Britain is at war, Canada is at war”
1914=WWI broke out and Britain called for troops
Canada’s foreign policy was controlled by Britain
define CEF
CANADIAN
EXPEDITIONARY
FORCE
- volunteer soldiers
- fought in a separate Canadian unit
- national identity
Sam Hughes
- charge of the artillery
- ross rifle
- profit
- set up camps in Valcartier
War Measurement Act
- suspend habeas corpus
- right after arrested to be brought before a judge
- PM Borden thought during war gov’t needed more control
INTERNMENT CAMPS
- anyone who was suspected as a spy was detained, deported, imprisoned or all 3 due to the war measures act
- forced to do hard labour
- mistreated
- german or austro-hungarians
Conscription Crisis
- not enough quebecois volunteers
- quebecois didn’t feel patriotic over the war because they were their own
Conscription- 1917
-MILITARY SERVICE ACT
(serving in the military)
-no one wanted to volunteer after seeing the returning veterans
-PM robert BORDEN issued this act to assist:
THIS DIVIDED THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH SPEAKING
Those Against Conscription
-farmers needed their sons to work the farm
-industrial workers felt they already had done their part
-BC labour movement also opposed the idea of conscription
(coal miners with low wages)
being a solider was a job with a lower wage
Military Voters Act and Wartime Elections Act
PM robert BORDEN called for an election over conscription
-prior the election he passed 2 pieces of legislation which worked in his favour
- Military Voters Act = men and women who served overseas the right to vote
- Wartime Elections Act = women serving or related to a service men could vote
- also no vote for immigrants and suspected spies
Conscription Conundrum continued
PM robert BORDEN was a conservative and invited the opposition (Liberals) who favoured conscription to join him in a wartime UNION GOVERNMENT
- liberals were given important cabinet positions
- Liberal Leader Laurier was opposed conscription and lost voted of the Liberals
War at Home
- booming economy
- busy factories to supply for the war
- more factories = more jobs
- most produced in canada were exported to europe
- some canadian coumpanies made a profit due to stockpiling and inflated prices (war profiteering)
Propaganda
- bias information from the gov’t
- encourage soldiers to join the war and support rations
new ways of fighting
battle of attrition
total war
stalemate
new ways of fighting
battle of attrition
due to trench warfare, no upper hand
attacks until one side is exhausted and unable to continue
new ways of fighting
total war
all resources of a nation are organized for one purpose (war)
stalemate
due to the machine gun, no one would advance across No Man’s Land
WWI and new Technology
machine guns tanks(battle of somme) poisonous gas (battle of ypres) submarine/uboats air planes (spying/dogfights)
war on sea
large navies due to the Arms Race england = bigger navy germany = u boats halifax = refuel or repair warships merchant marine with convoys sent supplies to England
u boat
german submarine
unseen and undetected
took out British merchant marines (supplies)
sank the LUSITANIA (passenger liner)
rainbow and niobe
canadian warships
rainbow patrolled the west coast
niobe stationed in halifax
Halifax DIsaster
IMOtional event Mont Blanc (french vessel with explosives) hit the IMO killed many levelled halifax huge explosion
Vimmy Ridge
_victorious -went as regionals -left as nationals -1st time canada fought as one -what the french and the english couldn't do general authur CURRIE was promoted
Passchendale
- puddles
- pointless
- death from craters
Somme
- shoulder to shoulder sacrifices
- many casualties
- 1st time to use a tank in battle
Ypres
- yeeps!
- poisonous gas
war in the air
first air war
dogfights= spins and rolls to shake off attacking planes
ace - pilot who could prove he shot 5 enemy aircrafts
funding the war
- income tax 1-2% average 4%businesses
- borrowed money
- victory bonds (if war won = interest)
- victory stamps
- food rations
- Daylight savings time
- off school time to help with the war
women and WWI
roles
- nurses
- drivers
- red cross
- organized committees (support)
women and WWI
drastic changes
-contributed to the labour force ex) -farmers -factory workers -banks -police force
women and the vote
- since they help they wanted to vote and be a person under the law
- won the right to vote in 1918 due to their patriotic efforts during the war
end of the war
- armistices
- agreement to end hostilites
- end of the last 100 days
- nov 11
- canadian solider died moments before the armistices
paris peace confrence
-independence
-autonomy
-held by the triple entente/allies
PM robert BORDEN fought for canada to have it’s own seat and signature on the treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
autonomy
- established by the treaty of Versailles
- one member of the nation
- no longer represented by Britian
goals:
- prevent war
- settling disputes via negotiation and diplomacy
- improve global warfare
