Unit 2: What Chemical Processes Support Life?

Question 1

Word Equation for Aerobic Respiration

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 2

Word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Glucose → ethanol ( lactic acid) + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 3

What is Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

The chemical process that produces cellular energy without oxygen

Question 4

What are amino acids?

Answer 4

Amino acids are the molecules that makeup proteins.

Question 5

What is aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Chemical process that uses oxygen to produce energy from carbohydrates and lipids

Question 6

What are 4 products that are broken down from proteins, fats and food?

Answer 6

amino acids
fatty acids
glucose
nucleotides

Question 7

What is metabolism

Answer 7

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 8

What is catabolism

Answer 8

Breaking down of food to get essential molecules in a simpler form.
BIG TO SMALL = ENERGY

Question 9

What is anabolism

Answer 9

The building up of simple molecules to complex molecules is more useful to the human body.
SMALL TO BIG = ENERGY

Question 10

What is Cellular Respiration?

Answer 10

Breaks glucose down to make ATP

Question 11

Glycolysis

Answer 11

In the cytoplasm, anaerobic process
Glucose is converted to 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP molecules & 2 NADH

Question 12

Krebs Cycle

Answer 12

Aerobic process
Produces ATP, 6 NADH and FADH 2

Question 13

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 13

transfer electrons from high-energy molecules to lower-energy molecules, producing ATP and consuming oxygen

Question 14

ATP Synthase

Answer 14

Enzyme that produces ATP

Question 15

How many ATP molecules are made per glucose molecule?

Answer 15

29-38 net ATP

Question 16

What is Fermentation

Answer 16

Fermentation makes ATP without Oxygen
it is anaerobic respiration.

Breaks down organic matter without oxygen, and is performed by microorganisms like bacteria and yeast

Question 17

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation in humans?

Answer 17

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in human muscle cells when they are deprived of oxygen, such as during intense exercise.

Question 18

Alcohol Fermentation

Answer 18

Alcoholic Fermentation makes Wine and Bread.
Starts Glycolysis
occurs in yeast, plants and unicellular organisms

Question 19

What is Lactic Fermentation

Answer 19

Lactic Fermentation makes Cheese and Yogurt.

A process that converts sugars into energy and lactic acid.

Question 20

Factors of Photosynthesis
state 3

Answer 20

Light Intensity ( eventually plateaus)

Carbon Dioxide Concentration (eventually plateaus)

Temperature ( There is an optimum temperature - before enzymes denature)

Question 21

Word Equation for Photosynthesis

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 22

Factors affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 22

Wind - As air movement increases, the rate of transpiration increases because wind removes water vapour from the leaf surfaces.

Light - as light increases, the rate of transpiration increases because the stomata open to allow water to diffuse out of the leaf

Humidity - As humidity increases, transpiration decreases because there is less of a concentration gradient of water molecules outside the leaf.

Temperature - the rate of transpiration increases as the temperature increases.

Question 23

Why is transpiration important for plants

Answer 23

Transpiration is the process by which plants evaporate water from the stomata. It is important to maintain temperature.

Question 24

Why are enzymes important?

Answer 24

Enzymes are important as they are biocatalysts that speed up chemical processes in organisms. Making them very essential.

Question 25

How do enzymes work?

Answer 25

Enzymes essentially lower the energy needed to start a chemical reaction, speeding it up and increasing the rate at which a process happens.

Question 26

What part of the plant transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant?

Answer 26

Xylem

Question 26

What part of the plant transports sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules from the leaves to other parts of the plant?

Answer 26

Phloem

Question 26

Where do enzymes react?

Answer 26

In active sites, the active site has a specific shape that fits with the substrate.

Question 26

Enzymes for protein, carbhydrates and lipids

Answer 26

Protase breaks down Protein

Carbohydrase breaks down Carbohydrates

Lipase breaks down lipids