Unit 1 - Cells Flashcards
Cell theory
- all living organisims are made up of cells
- all cells come from pre-exisiting cells
- cells are the basic unit of life
Is it living
MRS. GREN ( movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition)
Nucleus?
brain of cell, stores genetic information
Mitochondira
Is the powerhouse of the cell makes ATP.
Ribosomes?
protein factory
Lysosomes
eats unwanted and damaged organelles ( suicide bags)
Vacuoles
Stores water, protiens, carbohydrates and salts. ( fridge)
cytoplasm
holds everything, jelly like fluid in the cell
golgi apparatus
transports proteins and lipids for use in and out the cell ( delivery system)
lots of folds and vesicles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribesomes are attached and it produces proteins
structure is folds
State 3 differences between animal cells and plant cells
- Plant cells have chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis, while animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cannot carry out photosynthesis.
- Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall that provides support. Animal cells have only a semi-permeable cell membrane and are usually irregular in shape.
- Plant cells have one large vacuole that pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall, making the cell turgid. Animal cells have multiple smaller vacuoles.
How does cell structure relate to function?
RED BLOOD CELLS
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus, they have a biconcave shape that allows the cells to carry more haemoglobin. This allows the red blood cells to be more effective as they can carry more oxygen and be more useful.
Nerve Cells
Nerve cells need to transport messages quickly through the organism’s body and brain, therefore the cells have a long structure with an axon and dendrite on each end.
AXON MESSAGE OUT
DENDRITE MESSAGE IN
Sperm Cells
Sperm Cells have a basic structure, with a head carrying genetic information ( Nucelous, DNA, 23 Chromosomes)
a midpeice that has mitochondria giving the cell more energy to travel against gravity into the uterus.
a tail aka flagellum that propels the cell forward.
As the function of the sperm cell is to reach the egg cell, the structure of the sperm cell is optimized for such a task, being light as possible.
3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
- Most eukaryotic cells are multicellular organisms whereas most prokaryotic are unicellular organisms.
- Although prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells both have DNA, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, instead they have free floating DNA.
- Most prokaryotic cells have cell walls, even eukaryotic cells like pant and fungus cells can have cell walls but most eukaryotic cells do not have cell walls.
