Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1 > Unit 2 (Week 6 Assignment Questions) > Flashcards

Unit 2 (Week 6 Assignment Questions) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

glycolysis

breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group

citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphorylation

all of the above

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The net products of glycolysis are

6 CO2, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH.

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH.

2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH.

2 pyruvate, 2 GTP, and 2 CO2.

2 CO2, 2 ATP, and glucose.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During glycolysis, ATP is produced by

oxidative phosphorylation.

substrate-level phosphorylation.

redox reactions.

all of the above.

both a and b.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group to start the citric acid cycle?

ATP

NADH

acetyl CoA

oxaloacetate

both a and b

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ability to diagnose tumors using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is based on the phenomenon that most types of cancer cells exhibit higher levels of

glycolysis.

pyruvate breakdown.

citric acid metabolism.

oxidative phosphorylation.

all of the above.

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the experiment of Racker and Stoeckenius, bacteriorhodopsin was oriented in such a way that it pumped H+ into a vesicle. Each vesicle actually contained many molecules of bacteriorhodopsin. How would the results of the experiment have been affected if 50% of the bacteriorhodopsin molecules pumped H+ into the vesicle and 50% pumped H+ out of the vesicles?

The same amount of ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark.

More ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark.

No ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark.

No ATP would be made in the presence of light, but some ATP would be made in the dark.

Some ATP would be made in the presence of light, and some ATP would be made in the dark.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause the mitochondrial membrane to be highly permeable to H+. How would such drugs affect oxidative phosphorylation?

Movement of electrons down the ETC would be inhibited.

ATP synthesis would be inhibited.

ATP synthesis would be unaffected.

ATP synthesis would be stimulated.

Both a and b would occur.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The source of energy that directly drives the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation is the

oxidation of NADH.

oxidation of glucose.

oxidation of pyruvate.

H+ electrochemical gradient.

reduction of O2.

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, anaerobic respiration in bacteria differs in that

more ATP is made.

ATP is made only via substrate-level phosphorylation.

O2 is converted to H2O2 rather than H2O.

something other than O2 acts as a final electron acceptor of the ETC.

both b and d occur.

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When conditions in a muscle become anaerobic during strenuous exercise, why is it necessary to convert pyruvate to lactate?

to decrease NAD+ and increase NADH

to decrease NADH and increase NAD+

to increase NADH and increase NAD+

to decrease NADH and decrease NAD+

to keep oxidative phosphorylation running

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The electron transport chain is so named because electrons are transported from one component to another. Describe the purpose of the ETC.

A

The purpose of the electron transport chain is to pump H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane to establish an H+ electrochemical gradient. When H+ flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase, ATP is synthesized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes the rotation of the γ subunit of ATP synthase? How does this rotation promote ATP synthesis?

A

The movement of H+ through the contact site between the c and a subunits causes the γ subunit to rotate. As it rotates, it sequentially alters the conformation of the β subunits, where ATP is made. This causes (1) ADP and Pi to bind with moderate affinity, (2) ADP and Pi to bind very tightly such that ATP is made, and (3) ATP to be released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is glucose breakdown regulated to avoid the overproduction of ATP and NADH? What would be some potentially harmful consequences if glucose metabolism was not regulated properly?

A

The phases of glucose metabolism are regulated in a variety of ways. For example, key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are regulated by the availability of their substrates and by feedback inhibition. The electron transport chain is regulated by the ATP/ADP ratio. Such regulation ensures that a cell does not waste energy making ATP when it is in sufficient supply. Also, the production of too much NADH is potentially harmful because at high levels it has the potential to haphazardly donate its electrons to other molecules and promote the formation of free radicals, highly reactive chemicals that damage DNA and cellular proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation.

A

Fill In

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Read more about PET scans in other sources. Which types of cancers are most easily detected by this procedure, and which types are not readily detected? Is the ability to detect cancer via a PET scan related to the level of oxygen within a tumor?

A

Fill In

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the process of cellular respiration?

Multiple choice question.

A means to extract energy from organic molecules

A means to utilize ATP in cells

A means to extract energy from oxygen

A means to extract energy from inorganic molecules

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The main product of cellular respiration is

Multiple choice question.

oxygen

ATP

carbon dioxide

organic molecules

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glucose contains covalent bonds that store a large amount of ______.

Multiple choice question.

water

kinetic energy

ATP

chemical energy

A

chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the order of glucose breakdown?

A

Glycolysis, breakdown of pyruvate, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?

Multiple select question.

Pyruvate

Oxygen gas

ATP

NADH

A

Pyruvate

ATP

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products are collectively called ______.

Multiple choice question.

cellular respiration

chemical respiration

oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the ______.

Multiple choice question.

plasma membrane

mitochondrion

cristae membrane

cytosol

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The primary aim of cellular respiration is to produce molecules of __________ which provide energy to the cell.

A

ATP, adenosinetriphosphate, or adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis undergoes a reaction which results in the production of one __________ group and one CO2 molecule.

A

acetyl, acetyl CoA, or acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ______ bonds in glucose store large amounts of energy.

A

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

During glycolysis, one molecule of

______, is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP.

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Select all that apply

What four pathways are involved in the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?

Multiple select question.

Photosynthesis

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

Breakdown of pyruvate

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

A

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

Breakdown of pyruvate

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tumors provide a favorable environment for glycolysis because their internal regions tend to be deficient in ______.

Multiple choice question.

NAD+

glucose

oxygen

ATP

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into ______.

Multiple choice question.

two pyruvate molecules

six carbon dioxide molecules

two citric acid molecules

three acetyl groups

A

two pyruvate molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

While glycolysis occurs in the ___________
in eukaryotic cells, the remaining steps of respiration occur in the ___________
of the cell.

A

Cytosol/mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

True or false: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

True false question.
True
False

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When a carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate, the product is a(n) _______
group, which then attaches to coenzyme A.

A

Acetyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the products of the breakdown of a single pyruvate molecule?

Multiple select question.

One ATP molecule

Two NADH molecules

One acetyl group

One CO2

Two acetyl groups

One NADH molecule

A

One acetyl group

One CO2

One NADH molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Glycolysis involves the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into ______.

Multiple choice question.

one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of acetyl-CoA

one molecule of pyruvate and three molecules of CO2

three molecules of acetyl-CoA

two molecules of pyruvate

A

two molecules of pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate, which contains ______ carbons, is combined with acetyl-CoA, which contains ______ carbons in its acetyl group, to produce citric acid, which contains ______ carbons.

Multiple choice question.

3; 3; 6

3; 1; 4

5; 1; 6

4; 2; 6

4; 1; 5

2; 2; 4

A

4, 2, 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

True or false: Within tumors, glycolysis is favored under hypoxic conditions.

True false question.
True
False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What energy intermediates are produced in the citric acid cycle?

Multiple select question.

Pyruvate

Acetyl-CoA

NAD+

NADH

GTP

FADH2

A

NADH

GTP

FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

In order for cellular respiration to continue, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis must be transported into the ______.

Multiple choice question.

mitochondrion

stroma

electron transport chain

cytosol

A

mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

During cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA is formed during a reaction that also:

Multiple choice question.

attaches coenzyme A to pyruvate

reduces pyruvate

removes a CO2 from pyruvate

removes coenzyme A from pyruvate

A

removes a CO2 from pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In the final stage of glucose metabolism, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are removed and used to produce more ATP. This process is called _______ ____________

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

41
Q

As a result of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, the carbons from acetyl CoA are released as:

Multiple choice question.

NADH

pyruvate

CO2

ATP

A

CO2

42
Q

The structural components of the electron transport chain include which of the following?

Multiple select question.

Small organic molecules

NADH and FADH2

Protein complexes

Carbohydrate complexes

Oxygen gas

A

Small organic molecules

Protein complexes

43
Q

Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ______.

Multiple choice question.

2 NADH

2 NADH and 2 FADH2

3 NAD+ and 1 FAD

3 NADH and 1 FADH2

2 NAD+ and 2 FAD

A

3 NADH and 1 FADH2

44
Q

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ______.

Multiple choice question.

oxygen

carbon dioxide

FADH2

NADH

A

oxygen

45
Q

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis is coupled to ______.

Multiple choice question.

the breakdown of glucose into CO2

the entry of acetyl-CoA into the citric acid cycle

the synthesis of NADH and FADH2

the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

A

the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

46
Q

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthase adds a phosphate group to:

Multiple choice question.

ATP

ADP

NADH

NAD+

FADH2

A

ADP

47
Q

Electrons from FADH2 are transferred to succinate reductase and then to a small organic molecule called __________

A

ubiquinone, coenzymeQ, or oxygen

48
Q

In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the ______.

Multiple choice question.

cytosol

outer mitochondrial membrane

mitochondrial matrix

inner mitochondrial membrane

plasma membrane

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

49
Q

Cyanide is lethal to cells because it ______.

Multiple choice question.

creates holes in the mitochondrial membranes

inhibits the flow of electrons along the ETC

denatures two key enzymes in the citric acid cycle

blocks the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

A

inhibits the flow of electrons along the ETC

50
Q

The second event in oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP by the enzyme ATP __________
.

A

synthase

51
Q

During aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is _________

A

oxygen

52
Q

Which of the following best describes the chemical reactions of oxidative phosphorylation?

Multiple choice question.

NADH is reduced and ATP is produced.

NADH is oxidized and ATP is produced.

NADH is oxidized and ATP is consumed.

NADH is reduced and ATP is consumed.

A

NADH is oxidized and ATP is produced.

53
Q

True or false: The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain requires an input of energy.

True false question.
True
False

A

False; it is exergonic

54
Q

Arrange the molecules of the electron transport chain in the order in which they receive electrons, beginning at the top with the first molecule to receive electrons and ending at the bottom with the final electron acceptor.

Oxygen
Cytochrome b-c1
Ubiquinone
Cytochrome c
Cytochrome oxidase
NASDH dehydrogenase
A 
NADH dehydrogenase
Ubiquinone
Cytochrome b-c1
Cytochrome c
Cytochrome oxidase
Oxygen
55
Q

Which of these is a light-driven H+ pump found in archaea?

Multiple choice question.

Chymotrypsin

Calmodulin

Glycophorin

Bacteriorhodopsin

A

Bacteriorhodopsin

56
Q

One important component of the electron transport chain is cytochrome oxidase. Which of the following inhibits this complex?

Multiple choice question.

Ricin

Cyanide

Arsenic

Tetanus toxin

Snake venom

A

Cyanide

57
Q

ATP synthase functions like a ______.

Multiple choice question.

rotary machine

lever

pulley system

spring

A

rotary machine

58
Q

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced by the enzyme:

Multiple choice question.

ATP synthase

ATP oxidase

ATP protease

citrate synthetase

A

ATP synthase

59
Q

Which of the following molecules are used as energy sources by living organisms?

Multiple select question.

Sugars

Amino acids

Fatty acids

Water

Molecular oxygen

A

Sugars

Amino acids

Fatty acids

60
Q

When electrons are transferred to oxygen in the final step of the electron transport chain, a molecule of
_____________ is produced.

A

H2O

61
Q

An environment where oxygen is absent is termed __________.

A

anaerobic or anoxic

Hypoxic or dysoxic is low concentration of oxygen – between 1 to 30% saturation

62
Q

The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain is ______.

Multiple choice question.

exergonic

endergonic

neither exergonic nor endergonic

A

exergonic

63
Q

What type of pathway produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation without any net oxidation of organic molecules?

Multiple choice question.

Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration

Citric acid cycle

A

Fermentation

64
Q

Bacteriorhodopsin is a proton pump found in some species of archaea. The energy that bacteriorhodopsin uses to pump protons comes from ______.

Multiple choice question.

ATP hydrolysis

light

an electron transport chain

ATP synthesis

A

Light

65
Q

At the end of the electron transport chain, ______ catalyzes the transfer of electrons to O2.

Multiple choice question.

chaperone

ubiquinone

cytochrome oxidase

cytochrome b-c1

A

cytochrome oxidase

66
Q

What type of motion is coupled to the synthesis of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase?

Multiple choice question.

Vibration

Spinning

Oscillation

A

Spinning

67
Q

True or false: Some organisms can only use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.

True false question.
True
False

A

True

68
Q

Select the organic molecules obtained from food that are most typically used as energy sources.

Multiple select question.

Fats

Nucleotides

Carbohydrates

Proteins

A

Fats

Carbohydrates

Proteins

69
Q

What problem results from the buildup of NADH and decrease of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions?

Multiple choice question.

A decrease in NAD+ levels can kill the cell because NAD+ is needed to release electrons to the ETC.

High concentrations of NADH can lead to the release of free radicals, which can damage DNA and proteins.

No problem results. High concentrations of NADH facilitate glycolysis.

A

High concentrations of NADH can lead to the release of free radicals, which can damage DNA and proteins.

70
Q

Which term is used to describe an environment that lacks oxygen?

Multiple choice question.

Aerobic

Anabolic

Catabolic

Anaerobic

A

Anaerobic

71
Q

How is ATP produced during fermentation?

Multiple choice question.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation using O2 as the final electron acceptor

Oxidative phosphorylation using a molecule other than O2 as the final electron acceptor

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

72
Q

Muscle cells overcome the buildup of NADH and decrease of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions by ______.

Multiple choice question.

reducing pyruvate to citrate

oxidizing pyruvate to citrate

oxidizing pyruvate to lactate

reducing pyruvate to lactate

A

reducing pyruvate to lactate

73
Q

What is the outcome of aerobic respiration?

Multiple choice question.

O2 is reduced to H2O

O2 is oxidized to H2O

O2 and H2 are joined to form H2O

H2O is broken down into O2 and H2

A

O2 is reduced to H2O

74
Q

Many organisms, including animals and yeasts, can only use _________
as a final electron acceptor in their electron transport chains.

A

Oxygen

75
Q

What happens during the fermentation reactions that occur in muscle cells?

Multiple select question.

NADH is converted to lactate.

Pyruvate is reduced to lactate.

NADH is oxidized to NAD+.

Pyruvate is broken down to acetyl-CoA and CO2.

A

Pyruvate is reduced to lactate.

NADH is oxidized to NAD+.

76
Q

Under anaerobic conditions, high levels of ______ may cause the production of free radicals.

Multiple choice question.

FADH2

NADH

NAD+

FADH

A

NADH

77
Q

Which of these organic molecules can be produced during fermentation reactions?

Multiple select question.

Lactate

Glucose

Glycerol

Acetyl-CoA

Ethanol

A

Lactate

Ethanol

78
Q

What molecule is produced during fermentation in muscle cells?

Multiple choice question.

Glucose

Lactose

Citrate

Lactate

A

Lactate

79
Q

The complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen yields 34 to 38 ATP molecules, but the breakdown of glucose to lactate or ethanol yields a net of only ____________ ATP molecules.

A

2

80
Q

At the end of the electron transport chain, ______ catalyzes the transfer of electrons to O2.

Multiple choice question.

cytochrome b-c1

ubiquinone

cytochrome oxidase

chaperone

A

cytochrome oxidase

81
Q

When a muscle is working strenuously and becomes anaerobic, pyruvate from glycolysis is reduced to lactate to allow the oxidation of ______.

Multiple choice question.

NAD+ to NADH

NADH to NAD+

nitrate to nitrite

H2O to H3O+

A

NADH to NAD+

82
Q

The breakdown of glucose to lactate or ethanol as a final end product is an example of _________

A

Fermentation

83
Q

Aerobic respiration yields ______ ATP molecules per glucose, while fermentation typically yields ______ ATP molecules per glucose.

38-42 ; 2

34-38 ; 4

2 ; 34-38

4 ; 34-38

34-38 ; 2

A

34-38 ; 2

84
Q

[Quiz]
If an organism is missing the transport protein for pyruvate on the mitochondrial membrane, what is the most likely effect?

Question 1 options:

The organism cannot carry out glycolysis

The organism cannot carry out fermentation

The organism cannot carry out the preparation reaction

The organism cannot carry out photosynthesis

A

The organism cannot carry out fermentation WRONG

85
Q

[Quiz]
Cytochrome oxidase is the last enzyme in the electron transport chain. Cyanide is a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme. Why is cyanide fatal to humans?

Question 2 options:

Glycolysis is inhibited

The Citric Acid cycle cannot be initiated

The electron transport chain is shut down

Pyruvate is not converted to acetyl-CoA

NAD can no longer be reduced to NADH

A

The electron transport chain is shut down

86
Q

[Quiz]
What is the overall goal of cellular respiration?

Question 3 options:

Use the energy in glucose to make ATP

Use solar energy to make ATP

Use solar energy to make glucose

Use the energy in glucose to break down sugars

A

Use the energy in glucose to make ATP

87
Q

[Quiz]
A baker was making bread but realized that his yeast were no longer alive. What impact will this have on his bread?

Question 4 options:

It will not rise

It will taste sour due to the increased pH

It will rise too high and spread over the edges of the pan.

A

It will not rise

88
Q

[Quiz]
Based on the glycolysis pathway below, what enzyme catalyzes the cleavage reaction?

Hexokinase

Pyruvate kinase

Phosphofructokinase

Fructose bisphosphate aldose

Phosphoglucose isomerase

A

Fructose bisphosphate aldose

89
Q

[Quiz]
Bread made with yeast is lighter and fluffier than bread made without yeast. This is because yeast

Question 6 options:

Carries out the citric acid cycle to produce oxygen gas, which adds bubbles to the dough

Carries out fermentation to produce lactic acid, which breaks down gluten

Carries out fermentation to produce carbon dioxide, which adds bubbles to the dough

Carries out the citric acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, which adds bubbles to the dough

A

Carries out fermentation to produce carbon dioxide, which adds bubbles to the dough

90
Q

[Quiz]
If you have been running hard, the body often switches from cellular respiration and starts producing lactic acid. Why?

Question 7 options:

Cellular respiration is not as efficient as fermentation

Cells have depleted their oxygen stores

Lactic acid causes the number of mitochondria in cells to increase

Lactic acid increases the endurance of muscles

Both B and D

A

Both B and D WRONG

91
Q

[Quiz]
Which of these is not the result of the citric acid cycle?

Question 8 options:

OAA is reformed

High energy electron carriers are formed

Carbon dioxide is produced

ATP is made through ATP synthase

A

ATP is made through ATP synthase

92
Q

[Quiz]
Why is the formation of ATP by ATP synthase referred to as oxidative phosphorylation?

Question 9 options:

A phosphate is transferred from oxygen to ADP to form ATP

Oxygen provides the mechanical energy that is used to create ATP from ADP

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which creates the proton gradient necessary to power ATP synthase

ADP combines with oxygen to form ATP

A

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which creates the proton gradient necessary to power ATP synthase

93
Q

[Quiz]
When pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, it loses a proton and its associated electron. This reaction is an example of

Question 10 options:

Oxidation

Reduction

Dehydration

Hydrolysis

A

Hydrolysis WRONG

94
Q

[Quiz]
In order to determine if the patient with the blood results shown here could complete glycolysis, what substance would you test for in her blood?

Blood Metabolic Panel

Blood Glucose

+

Glucose-6-phosphate

++

Fructose-6-phosphate

++

Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate

++

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

++

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

++

Phosphoenolpyruvate

++

Pyruvate

-

ATP

-

Red Blood Cell Concentration

-

Question 11 options:

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate

Glyceradlehyde-3-phosphate

Pyruvate

Pyruvate kinase

A

Pyruvate kinase WRONG

95
Q

[Quiz]
A genetic defect in some humans causes a slight decrease in the number of ATP synthase proteins on their mitochondrial membranes. What symptoms would you expect these individuals to exhibit?

Question 12 options:

Hyperactive thyroid

Increased metabolic rate

Increased growth rate

Increased fatigue and lethargy

A

Increased fatigue and lethargy

96
Q

[Quiz]
Why does the citric acid cycle spin twice for each glucose in cellular respiration?

Question 13 options:

Because it needs to make more pyruvate

Because there are two acetyl-CoA formed for each glucose

Because the H+ must be pumped into the intermembrane space

Because the oxidative phosphorylation process take twice as long as glycolysis

A

Because there are two acetyl-CoA formed for each glucose

97
Q

[Quiz]
If you wanted to test red blood cells for their ability to complete glycolysis, what compound would you try to detect?

Question 14 options:

Fructose-6-phosphate

Aldolase

Pyruvate

Phosphofructokinase

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

Aldolase WRONG

98
Q

[Quiz]
The electron transport chain is used to create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient represents

Question 15 options:

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

Mechanical energy

Heat

A

Potential energy

Biology 1 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions