Unit 1 (Chapter 4, Test Yourself Questions) Flashcards
The cell theory states that
all living things are composed of cells.
cells are the smallest units of living organisms.
new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.
all of the above.
only a and b are true.
D
For a microscope, resolution refers to
the ratio between the size of the image produced by the microscope and the actual size of the object.
the degree to which a particular structure looks different from other structures around it.
how well a structure takes up certain dyes.
the ability to observe two adjacent objects as being distinct from each other.
the degree to which the image is magnified.
D
A spherical cell has a radius of 34 μm. What is its surface area/volume ratio?
- 088
- 12
- 3
- 7
127
Surface Area = (A=4pie(r)squared)
Volume = 4/3pie(r)cubed
a
If a motor protein was held in place and a cytoskeletal filament was free to move, what type of motion would occur when the motor protein was active?
The motor protein would “walk” along the filament.
The filament would move.
The filament would bend.
all of the above
Only b and c would happen
b
Each of the following is part of the endomembrane system except
the nuclear envelope.
the endoplasmic reticulum.
the Golgi apparatus.
lysosomes.
mitochondria.
e
Vesicle transport occurs between the ER and the Golgi in both directions. Let’s suppose a researcher exposed some cells to a drug that inhibited vesicle transport from the Golgi to the ER but did not affect vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi. If you observed the cells microscopically after the drug was added, what would you expect to see happen over the course of 1 hour?
The ER would get smaller, and the Golgi would get larger.
The ER would get larger, and the Golgi would get smaller.
The ER and Golgi would stay the same size.
Both the ER and Golgi would get larger.
Both the ER and Golgi would get smaller.
a
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include
detoxification of harmful organic molecules.
metabolism of carbohydrates.
protein sorting.
all of the above.
a and b only.
e
The central vacuole in many plant cells is important for
storage.
photosynthesis.
structural support.
all of the above.
a and c only.
e
Let’s suppose an abnormal protein contains three sorting signals: an ER signal sequence, an ER retention sequence, and a mitochondrial matrix-targeting sequence. The ER retention sequence is supposed to keep a protein within the ER. Where would you expect this abnormal protein to go? Note: Think carefully about the timing of events in protein sorting and which events occur cotranslationally and which occur post-translationally.
It would go to the ER.
It would go the mitochondria.
It would go to both the ER and mitochondria equally.
It would remain in the cytosol.
It would be secreted.
a
Which of the following observations would not be considered evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have genomes that resemble smaller versions of bacterial genomes.
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all divide by binary fission.
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all have ribosomes.
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria all have similar sizes and shapes.
All of the above are considered evidence for the theory.
c
Which of these is the study of individual cells and their interactions with each other?
Cell biology
The interaction of which of the following macromolecules plays an important role in the formation of living cells?
Multiple select question.
RNA
DNA
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
RNA
DNA
Proteins
Which hypothesis regarding the origin of life on Earth suggests that oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions may be responsible for the formation of complex organic molecules from simple organic molecules?
Extraterrestrial hypothesis
Reducing atmosphere hypothesis
Oxidizing hypothesis
Deep-sea vent hypothesis
Reducing atmosphere hypothesis
During the second stage in the origin of life, small organic molecules polymerized to form which of the following on the surface of clay?
Macromolecules
Which of the following statements are true of polymers inside the protobiont?
Multiple select question.
Lacked basic metabolic pathways
Lacked the ability to create new polymers
Had catalytic functions
Contained information
Had catalytic functions
Contained information
The field that involves the study of cells and how they interact with other cells is termed
Cell biology
Identify the functions exhibited by RNA that may have led to it being the first macromolecule.
Multiple select question.
Ability to store information
Ability to function as ribozymes
Ability to perform photosynthesis
Ability to self-replicate
Ability to form membranes
Ability to store information
Ability to function as ribozymes
Ability to self-replicate
Which macromolecule forms the foundation for the structure and activities of living cells?
Multiple choice question.
Protein
DNA
RNA
Protein
How would early cells benefit from DNA replacing RNA as the information storage molecule?
Multiple select question.
Information would be stored in a more stable molecule.
RNA would have more flexibility in its catalytic functions.
DNA mutates more easily.
RNA would serve a role only as mRNA.
Information would be stored in a more stable molecule.
RNA would have more flexibility in its catalytic functions.
The origin of life was likely preceded by a period in which small organic molecules accumulated on the surface of ______.
Multiple choice question.
rocks
clay
water
viruses
Clay
A magnification tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells is the
.
Microscope
Protobionts, the likely precursors of living cells, acquired a(n) ______ that separated the internal contents of the protobiont from the external environment.
Multiple choice question.
nucleus
boundary
extracellular matrix
reticulum
Boundary
The resolution of this microscope is better than a light microscope:
Multiple choice question.
proton
specialty
electron
dark
Electron
The macromolecule ______ can self-replicate, store information, and perform catalytic functions and may likely have been the first macromolecule to evolve.
Multiple choice question.
protein
RNA
DNA
phospholipid
RNA
What are the two main types of electron microscopy?
Multiple select question.
Confocal fluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence electron microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
The different chemical properties of amino acids have given proteins ______ catalytic ability than RNA molecules.
Multiple choice question.
greater
lesser
Greater
