Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 Types of Diversity?
A
Species (aka Biodiversity)
Genetic
Ecosystem (or Habitat)
2
Q
Richness - the number of species in an area
A
- the number of species in an area
3
Q
Evenness
A
- relative proportion of individuals in an area
4
Q
Phylogeny
A
- the branching pattern of evolutionary relationships
5
Q
Evolution
A
- the change in genetic composition of a population over time
6
Q
Microevolution
A
- occurs within or below the species level
7
Q
Macroevolution
A
- the creation of a new species
8
Q
Genotype
A
- the genetic makeup of an organism
9
Q
Phenotype
A
- the outward appearance of an organism
10
Q
Mutation - a random change in the genetic code
A
- a random change in the genetic code
11
Q
Recombination - a piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
A
- a piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
12
Q
Natural Selection - the environment decides which characteristics are advantageous
A
- the environment decides which characteristics are advantageous
13
Q
Artificial Selection
A
- humans decide which characteristics are advantageous
14
Q
Fitness
A
- the ability to survive and reproduce
15
Q
Adaptations
A
- traits that improve fitness
16
Q
Gene Flow
A
- individuals move from one population to another, resulting in changes to both populations
17
Q
Genetic Drift
A
- change in the genetic makeup of a population over time due to random mating
18
Q
Bottleneck Effect
A
- dramatic reduction in population size and loss of genetic variation, can be caused by a natural disaster or human activity
19
Q
Founder Effect
A
- change in genetic composition due to a small population colonizing a new habitat
20
Q
Allopatric Speciation
A
- creation of a new species by geographic or reproductive isolation
21
Q
Sympatric Speciation
A
- evolution of one species into two, usually involves polyploidy, which is an excess in the number of sets of chromosomes
22
Q
A
