Unit 1

Question 1

Where are Old Growth Forests located in the US?

Answer 1

Alaska, California, and Oregon

Question 2

What factors define terrestrial biomes?

Answer 2

Temperature: Average annual temperature and seasonal temperature fluctuations.

Precipitation: Amount of rainfall throughout the year.

Sunlight exposure: Intensity and duration of sunlight received.

Soil type: Composition and nutrient content of the soil

latitude:
Altitude
Soil:
Nutrients:

Question 3

What factors define aquatic biomes?

Answer 3

Water depth: Distance from the water surface

Salinity: Concentration of dissolved salts in the water

Light penetration: How far sunlight reaches into the water column

Water temperature: Average temperature of the water body

Dissolved oxygen levels: Amount of oxygen available in the water

Question 4

What factors influence NPP

Answer 4

In addition to solar radiation, the main abiotic factors that affect rates of photosynthesis and NPP are water, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, sunlight, and nutrients.

Question 5

Which biomes have short growing season? why?

Answer 5

The Taiga has the shortest growing season due to its harsh climatic conditions, which include long, cold, dry winters and short, moist, and moderately warm summers.

Question 6

Why are Grasslands so productive?

Answer 6

Grasslands are considered productive ecosystems primarily because of their deep, fertile soils, moderate rainfall that supports consistent grass growth, and the ability of grasses to rapidly regrow after grazing

Question 7

What is a Climatogram?

Answer 7

A climatogram, also called a climograph, is a graphical representation of a location’s climate, displaying the average monthly temperature as a line graph and the average monthly precipitation as bar graphs

Question 8

How do abiotic factors influence biotic factors

Answer 8

Abiotic factors, like temperature, water availability, sunlight, and soil composition, directly influence biotic factors (living organisms) by determining their distribution, growth, behavior, and overall survival within an ecosystem

Question 9

What are the biogeochemical cycles

Answer 9

Water cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, nitrogen cycle

Question 10

How do Humans impact the hydrological (water) cycle?

Answer 10

Climate change caused by humans burning fossil fuels has led to increased temperature, leading to increased evaporation

Question 11

How do Humans impact the carbon cycle?

Answer 11

The process of burning fossil fuels releases stored carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Question 12

How do Humans impact the phosphorus cycle?

Answer 12

Mining has caused the amount of phosphate being released has increased.

Run off from fertilizing being used in farms get into water streams, leading to excessive algae growth and nutrient pollution for aquatic animals

Question 13

How do Humans impact the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 13

Haber Process: Large scale, artificial method to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by plants as nutrients

Question 14

What can use both nitrate and ammonium?

Answer 14

Plants, plants prefer nitrate, however, they will use ammonium

Question 15

What is the NPP equation?

Answer 15

NPP=GPP - respiration

Question 16

What is the difference between NPP and GPP is open ocean biome?

Answer 16

The open ocean is the least productive biome. Total GPP = the biggest, however, per unit GPP = lowest

GPP: Represents the total organic matter produced by photosynthesis.
NPP: Represents the organic matter left over after subtracting the energy used by the primary producers for their own respiration.

Question 17

What are the different species interactions?

Answer 17

Competition, predation, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism

Question 18

What is competition?

Answer 18

a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place.

Question 19

What is predation?

Answer 19

A relationship between two species of animal in a community, in which one (the predator) hunts, kills, and eats the other (the prey)

Question 20

What is mutualism?

Answer 20

A relationship between two living species in which both organisms benefit

Question 21

What is parasitism

Answer 21

a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefited at the expense of the other

Question 22

What is commensalism?

Answer 22

a symbiotic relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits from the interaction while the other is neither harmed nor benefited

Question 23

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 23

Two species cannot use the same species at the same time. Resource partitioning allows different species to use the same resource without getting in each other way

Question 24

What is the 10% rule?

Answer 24

10% of the energy from one level of the food web is lost when passing up to the next level.

EX) 1000 for primary producer, 100 for primary consumer

Question 25

Why is agriculture of floodplains so successful?

Answer 25

Due to flooding which replenishes all the nutrients in the soil

Question 26

How do you calculate % of two numbers

Answer 26

original - new / original X 100

Question 27

What is the process of eutrophication?

Answer 27

Starts where there is a nutrient input, then we get an algae bloom, then the algae die, which leads to bacteria using all the dissolved oxygen that is breaking down all the algae, resulting in a condition of apoxia or dead zones