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Metabolism and Nutrition > Unit 2: Vitamins and Micronutrients > Flashcards

Unit 2: Vitamins and Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

_______, which is high in corn, legumes, and nuts, impairs absorption of Zn and Fe.

A

Phytate

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2
Q

High levels of _____ decrease Fe absorption.

A

Zn, Cu

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3
Q

Iron absorption is decreased in response to ______ released by the liver.

A

Hepcidin

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4
Q

Liver or renal disease and dark skin are risk factors for which vitamin deficiency?

A

D

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5
Q

Newborns should receive an IM injection of which vitamin to avoid deficiency?

A

K

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6
Q

What amount defines vitamin D deficiency? What concentration is a threshold for developing rickets?

A
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7
Q

What are dietary source of Vitamin C?

A

Fruits/Vegetables

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8
Q

What are dietary sources for B1/thiamine? (4)

A

Whole grains, enriched grains, lean pork, legumes

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9
Q

What are dietary sources for B2/riboflavin? (5)

A

Liver, wheat germ, dairy, meats leafy greens

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10
Q

What are dietary sources of B12/cobalamin?

A

Animal products only

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11
Q

What are dietary sources of B3/niacin? (4)

A

Meats/poultry, fish, legumes, peanut butter

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12
Q

What are dietary sources of B6/pyridoxine? (3)

A

Animal products, vegetables, whole grains

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13
Q

What are dietary sources of carotenoids that are precursors for vitamin A?

A

yellow/orange and green vegetables

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14
Q

What are dietary sources of folate? (3)

A

Green vegetables, orange juice, whole grains (especially fortified whole grains)

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15
Q

What are dietary sources of iron? (4)

A

Heme: animal proteins; non-heme: legumes, nuts, whole grains

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16
Q

What are dietary sources of preformed vitamin A? (4)

A

Liver, diary, egg yolks, fish oil

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17
Q

What are dietary sources of vitamin D? (4)

A

Fish liver oils, fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk/sources

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18
Q

What are dietary sources of vitamin E? (2)

A

Wheat germ, polyunsaturated vegetable oils

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19
Q

What are dietary sources of zinc? (4)

A

Animal products, legumes, seeds, whole grains

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20
Q

What are sources of vitamin K? (4)

A

Leafy vegetables, seeds, nuts, intestinal synthesis

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21
Q

Which vitamin derivative is a negative acute phase reactant (decreases with inflammation)?

A

A (retinol)

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22
Q

Which vitamin? 1-carbon transfers, metabolism of odd-number chain fatty acids, involved in protein and nucleic acid synthesis

A

B12/cobalamin

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23
Q

Which vitamin? Antioxidant, involved in collagen synthesis and norepinephrine synthesis

A

C

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24
Q

Which vitamin? Antioxidant/free radical scavenger, stabilizes cell membranes

A

E

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25
Q

Which vitamin? Calcium and phosphate regulation, generation of toxic radicals, cellular growth and differentiation

A

D

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26
Q

Which vitamin? Cofactor for carboxylation of clotting proteins

A

K

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27
Q

Which vitamin? Functions in metabolic reactions, including those involving vitamin K, folate, B6, and niacin

A

B2/riboflavin

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28
Q

Which vitamin? Functions in vision

A

A

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29
Q

Which vitamin? Involved in amino acid metabolism

A

B6/pyridoxine

30
Q

Which vitamin? Methyl donor in DNA methylation and conversion of homocystine to methionine

A

Folate

31
Q

Which vitamin? Precursor for a coenzyme in metabolic reactions, may function in nerve conduction

A

B1/thiamine

32
Q

Which vitamin? Precursor for cofactors FAD and FMN

A

B2/riboflavin

33
Q

Which vitamin? Precursor molecule for NAD/NADP

A

B3/Niacin

34
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with a rash?

A

A, K, B3, C

35
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with anemia?

A

B6, B12, folate, C

36
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with glossitis?

A

B6, B12

37
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with mouth lesions?

A

B2, B6, B12, folate, C

38
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with neurologic signs?

A

E, B1, B3, B12, C

39
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs consistent with bleeding into the skin?

A

C, K

40
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs consisting of a symmetric rash exacerbated by heat/sun exposure?

A

B3

41
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiencies present with skin signs that involve dryness?

A

A

42
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

Zinc

43
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Anemia, impaired cognitive function and growth

A

Iron

44
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Anemia, seizures, glossitis

A

B6/pyridoxine

45
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Associated with isoniazid use and end-stage renal disease

A

B6/pyridoxine

46
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Can take years to develop, classically occurs in strict vegetarians

A

B12/cobalamin

47
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Cheilosis and angular stomatitis, increased vascularization of conjunctiva, photophobia, Seborrheic and scrotal dermatitis

A

B2/riboflavin

48
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Childhood rickets: bowed legs, widened metaphyses, painful bones, rachitic rosary on ribs

A

D

49
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Dermatitis, diarrhea, immune dysfunction, delayed wound healing, taste impairment, anorexia, personality changes

A

Zinc

50
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Growth delays/stunting, anorexia, impaired immune function, impaired neurocognitive development

A

Zinc

51
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn with bleeding into the skin, GI tract, and CNS

A

K

52
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis, increased incidence of neural tube closure defects

A

Folate

53
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Hypersegmented neutrophils, paresthesias, gait problems, depression

A

B12/cobalamin

54
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Increased risk in Asian populations with high reliance on refined rice

A

B1/thiamine

55
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Most common deficiency globally

A

Iron

56
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Neurologic degeneration with loss of DTRs, spinocerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, hemolytic anemia

A

E

57
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot’s spots, immune dysregulation, dryness and keratinization of epithelia

A

A

58
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, amnesia/confusion

A

B1/thiamine/Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

59
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Occurring after months of poor intake especially in areas where corn is a major source of proteins and calories, increased risk with carcinoid syndrome

A

B3/Niacin

60
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Occurs classically in infants or children that are fed goat’s milk

A

Folate

61
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Osteoporosis in adults

A

D

62
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Peripheral neuropathy with sensor/motor/DTR impairment, muscle tenderness/weakness atrophy

A

B1/thiamine/Dry beriberi

63
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Peripheral neuropathy with sensor/motor/DTR impairment, muscle tenderness/weakness atrophy, high output cardiac failure, edema

A

B1/thiamine/Wet beriberi

64
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Petechiae, bleeding gums, anemia, painful joints

A

C/Scurvy

65
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Prolonged coagulation times

A

K

66
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient deficiency? Symmetric dermatitis aggravated by sun/heat exposure, dementia, diarrhea

A

B3/Niacin/Pellagra

67
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Coagulopathy

A

K

68
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock acidosis, coagulation defects, hepatic failure

A

Iron

69
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Hypercalcemia, vomiting, seizures, nephrocalcinosis and soft tissue calcification

A

D

70
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Low potential for toxicity, may impair Fe and Cu absorption

A

Zinc

71
Q

Which vitamin/micronutrient toxicity? Vomiting, increased ICP, headache, bone pain, liver damage, birth defects

A

A

Metabolism and Nutrition (10 decks)

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