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Metabolism and Nutrition > Unit 2: Nutrition > Flashcards

Unit 2: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is associated with micronutrient deficiencies, inflammation/infection, and intergenerational effects

A

Stunting

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2
Q

_____ is the single most important factor in preventing mortality for children under the age of 5.

A

Breastfeeding

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3
Q

______ accounts for ~20% of maternal mortality.

A

Undernutrition

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4
Q

Albumin levels _____ during times of inflammation or stress.

A

Decrease

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5
Q

Early in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies

A

Increased; decreased

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6
Q

How many calories are in 100ml of D5?

A

20 kcal (5g. X 4 kcal/g)

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7
Q

In Kwashiorkor, there is ______ energy intake

A

adequate

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8
Q

Late in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies

A

Decreased; increased

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9
Q

List three benefits of a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low fat dairy, and healthy oils

A

Decreased mortality, Decreased CV risk, BP Reduction

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10
Q

Marasmus is ____-onset with ____ adaptation, while Kwashiorkor is _____-onset with _____ adaptation

A

slower; better; faster; poorer

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11
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Associated infections

A

Kwashiorkor

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12
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Diarrhea

A

Both

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13
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Hepatomegaly

A

Kwashiorkor

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14
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Loss of muscle and fat

A

Marasmus

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15
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant Edema

A

Kwashiorkor

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16
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant psychological impairment

A

Kwashiorkor

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17
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Skin lesions and hair chainges

A

Kwashiorkor

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18
Q

Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Weight loss

A

Both

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19
Q

Name 4 effective maternal interventions/supplements.

A

Folate, balanced proteins supplement, multivitamin supplement, calcium supplement

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20
Q

Patients are typically fed _____ kcal/kg/day.

A

25-35

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21
Q

Refeeding syndrome may cause ____-phosphatemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion

A

hypo; increased

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22
Q

Refeeding syndrome may cause ___-kalemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion

A

hypo; increased

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23
Q

Refeeding syndrome may cause rapid consumption of _____, which are used as cofactors.

A

Magnesium, thiamine

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24
Q

SoFAS account for ~__% of caloric intake in the average American diet

A

35

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25
Q

Stunting is _____ common than wasting.

A

More

26
Q

Stunting: low ____ for ____

A

length; age

27
Q

The risk for undernutrition is greater for ______ (males/females) in ______ (urban/rural) areas

A

Males; rural

28
Q

Underweight: low ____ for _____

A

weight; age

29
Q

Wasting: low ____ for _____

A

weight; length

30
Q

What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting as a function of % median length for age?

A

90-94%; 85-89%,

31
Q

What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe wasting as a function of % of median/ideal body weight?

A

80-89%; 75-79%;

32
Q

What is the average protein requirement for sick patients?

A

0.8-1g/kg/day

33
Q

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? _____ insulin

A

increased

34
Q

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ albumin synthesis

A

decreased

35
Q

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ fatty acid synthesis in the liver

A

increased

36
Q

What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ transferrin levels

A

decreased

37
Q

What is the reponse to marasmus? ______ BMR

A

decreased

38
Q

What is the response to marasmus? ____ cardiac output

A

decreased

39
Q

What is the response to marasmus? ____ HR/BP

A

decreased

40
Q

What is the response to marasmus? _____ gluconeogenesis in the liver

A

decreased

41
Q

What is the response to marasmus? _____ utilization of triglycerides in muscle

A

increased

42
Q

What is the response to marasmus? ______ GI motility and secretions

A

decreased

43
Q

What is the response to marasmus? ______ insulin

A

decreased

44
Q

What is the response to marasmus? ______ protein degradation in muscle

A

decreased

45
Q

What is the response to marasmus? _______ catecholamines

A

increased

46
Q

What is the response to marasmus? _______ thyroid activity

A

decreased

47
Q

What type of diet may be considered for patients in respiratory failure on a ventilator?

A

High fat diet

48
Q

What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with liver failure?

A

Protein, Salt/water

49
Q

What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with renal failure?

A

Protein

50
Q

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously poorly nourished with minimal acute illness

A

5-7 days

51
Q

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously porrly nourished with serious acute illness

A

3-5 days

52
Q

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with minimal acute illness

A

10-14 days

53
Q

When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with serious acute illness

A

5-7 days

54
Q

Which measurement? Averae daily intake required to meetin nutrient requirements for 95%+ of the population, good assessment of intake needs for an individual

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

55
Q

Which measurement? Intake estimated to meet requirements for 50% of the population; good assessment of need for a group

A

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

56
Q

Which measurement? Sets upper limits for nutrients; less emphasis on deficiency prevention/more emphasis on chronic disease prevention

A

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

57
Q

Which pathologic pattern? Edematous protein energy malnutrition usually without wasting

A

Kwashiorkor

58
Q

Which pathologic pattern? Energy deficiency that is not reversed with feeding

A

Cachexia

59
Q

Which pathologic pattern? Severe wasting due to energy deficiency

A

Marasmus

60
Q

Which supplements are most important for infants?

A

Zinc, Vitamin A

Metabolism and Nutrition (10 decks)

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