Unit 2: Nutrition Flashcards
_____ is associated with micronutrient deficiencies, inflammation/infection, and intergenerational effects
Stunting
_____ is the single most important factor in preventing mortality for children under the age of 5.
Breastfeeding
______ accounts for ~20% of maternal mortality.
Undernutrition
Albumin levels _____ during times of inflammation or stress.
Decrease
Early in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies
Increased; decreased
How many calories are in 100ml of D5?
20 kcal (5g. X 4 kcal/g)
In Kwashiorkor, there is ______ energy intake
adequate
Late in starvation, there is ______ utilization of glucose and ______ utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies
Decreased; increased
List three benefits of a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low fat dairy, and healthy oils
Decreased mortality, Decreased CV risk, BP Reduction
Marasmus is ____-onset with ____ adaptation, while Kwashiorkor is _____-onset with _____ adaptation
slower; better; faster; poorer
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Associated infections
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Diarrhea
Both
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Hepatomegaly
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Loss of muscle and fat
Marasmus
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant Edema
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Significant psychological impairment
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Skin lesions and hair chainges
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus or kwashiorkor? Weight loss
Both
Name 4 effective maternal interventions/supplements.
Folate, balanced proteins supplement, multivitamin supplement, calcium supplement
Patients are typically fed _____ kcal/kg/day.
25-35
Refeeding syndrome may cause ____-phosphatemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion
hypo; increased
Refeeding syndrome may cause ___-kalemia secondary to _____ insulin secretion
hypo; increased
Refeeding syndrome may cause rapid consumption of _____, which are used as cofactors.
Magnesium, thiamine
SoFAS account for ~__% of caloric intake in the average American diet
35
Stunting is _____ common than wasting.
More
Stunting: low ____ for ____
length; age
The risk for undernutrition is greater for ______ (males/females) in ______ (urban/rural) areas
Males; rural
Underweight: low ____ for _____
weight; age
Wasting: low ____ for _____
weight; length
What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting as a function of % median length for age?
90-94%; 85-89%,
What are the definitions for mild, moderate, and severe wasting as a function of % of median/ideal body weight?
80-89%; 75-79%;
What is the average protein requirement for sick patients?
0.8-1g/kg/day
What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? _____ insulin
increased
What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ albumin synthesis
decreased
What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ fatty acid synthesis in the liver
increased
What is the physiologic pattern in kwashiorkor? ______ transferrin levels
decreased
What is the reponse to marasmus? ______ BMR
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? ____ cardiac output
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? ____ HR/BP
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? _____ gluconeogenesis in the liver
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? _____ utilization of triglycerides in muscle
increased
What is the response to marasmus? ______ GI motility and secretions
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? ______ insulin
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? ______ protein degradation in muscle
decreased
What is the response to marasmus? _______ catecholamines
increased
What is the response to marasmus? _______ thyroid activity
decreased
What type of diet may be considered for patients in respiratory failure on a ventilator?
High fat diet
What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with liver failure?
Protein, Salt/water
What type of dietary restrictions may be considered for patients with renal failure?
Protein
When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously poorly nourished with minimal acute illness
5-7 days
When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously porrly nourished with serious acute illness
3-5 days
When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with minimal acute illness
10-14 days
When should hospital-based feeding be initiated? Previously well nourished with serious acute illness
5-7 days
Which measurement? Averae daily intake required to meetin nutrient requirements for 95%+ of the population, good assessment of intake needs for an individual
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Which measurement? Intake estimated to meet requirements for 50% of the population; good assessment of need for a group
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Which measurement? Sets upper limits for nutrients; less emphasis on deficiency prevention/more emphasis on chronic disease prevention
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Which pathologic pattern? Edematous protein energy malnutrition usually without wasting
Kwashiorkor
Which pathologic pattern? Energy deficiency that is not reversed with feeding
Cachexia
Which pathologic pattern? Severe wasting due to energy deficiency
Marasmus
Which supplements are most important for infants?
Zinc, Vitamin A
