Unit 2 Topic 2 ✓

Question 1

What is a Dative bond?

(Also known as a Coordinate bond)

Answer 1

A dative bond is a covalent bond in which one of the atoms supplies both of the electrons

Question 2

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory:

What is an Acid?

Answer 2

An acid is a proton donor

NOTE: A proton is a hydrogen ion

Question 3

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory:

What is a Base?

Answer 3

A base is a proton acceptor

NOTE: A proton is a hydrogen ion

Question 4

What is a Conjugate base?

Answer 4

A conjugate base is the substance that is left behind after an acid has donated its proton

NOTE: The stronger the acid, the weaker the conjugate base

Question 5

What is an Amphoteric susbtance?

Answer 5

An amphoteric substance is a substance that can react as an acid or a base

e.g. Water

Question 6

What is pH?

Answer 6

pH is the ‘potential of hydrogen’
-it measures [hydronium] in solution

NOTE: square brackets [ ] = concentration

As the concentration of hydronium increases, the pH decreases

Question 7

What is pOH?

Answer 7

pOH is the ‘potential of hydroxide’
-it measures [OH]

Question 8

What is a Strong acid?

Answer 8

A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates into ions in solution
High acid dissociation content (Ka)

e.g. Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid

NOTE: Diluting a strong acid by a factor of 10, changes its pH by 1

Question 9

What is a Weak acid?

Answer 9

A weak acid is an acid that only partially dissociates into ions in solution
Low acid dissociattion content (Ka)

e.g. Ethanoic acid (most organic acids)

NOTE: Diluting a weak acid by a factor of 10, changes it pH by 0.5

Question 10

What is a Polyprotic acid?

Answer 10

A polyprotic acid is an acid with more than one ionisible proton

NOTE: Each ionisible proton is removed one by one

Question 11

What does Equimolar mean?

Answer 11

Equimolar means that two substances have an equal number of moles

Question 12

What does a Monoprotic acid mean?

Answer 12

Monoprotic means that an acid has one transferrable proton per molecule

(Diprotic means two protons are transferable)

Question 13

What is a Strong base?

Answer 13

A strong base is a base that ionises completely in solution

e.g. Potassium hydroxide, potassium oxide etc.

NOTE: A strong base doesn’t need to contain hydroxide ions as it can gain them from the solution

Question 14

What is a Weak base?

Answer 14

A weak base is a base that only partially dissociates into ions in solution

e.g. Ammonia and amines

Question 15

What is a Salt?

Answer 15

A salt is a substance that is produced when the proton of an acid is replaced by a positive ion

NOTE: The positive ion is usually a metal or an ammonium ion

Question 16

When using an Indicator -

What is the End point of a titration reaction?

Answer 16

The end point of a titration reaction is the point that is shown by a change in indicator colour

Question 17

What is the Equivalence point of a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 17

The equivalence point of a neutralisation reaction is the point when the moles of base = moles of acid, so the solution only contains salt and water

Question 18

What are Indicators?

Answer 18

Indicators are weak acids that change colour in response to pH

Question 19

What is a Buffer solution?

Answer 19

A buffer solution is a solution in which the pH remains approximately constant when small volumes of acid/base/water are added

NOTE: If a large amount is added, pH wont remain consistent

Question 20

What is an Acid buffer?

Answer 20

An acid buffer is a buffer made up of a weak acid and one of it’s salts from a strong base

e.g. Sodium hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide

Question 21

What is a Basic buffer?

Answer 21

A basic buffer is a solution consiting of a weak base and one of it’s salts

e.g. Ammonium chloride