Researching pt 4 ✓ Flashcards
Organic synthesis
What is Synthesis used for?
Synthesis is used to prepare a pure sample of a specified compound
NOTE: There are 5 steps involved in synthesis
Step 1/5 of Synthesis:
What is Preparation?
Preparation is when the main reaction is carried out to produce a crude sample of the desired product
Why is a Heating mantle used to heat organic compounds instead of a Bunsen burner?
A heating mantle is used to heat organic compounds because they are generally flammable
What are Anti-bumping granules?
Anti-bumping granules are small, course stones that make boiling liquids boil more evenly, without sudden, violent bubbling
Why is heating under Reflux used? (2)
Heating under reflux is used as:
-It allows reactions to proceed for a long time (several hours)
- It prevents the loss of volatile reactants/products on heating
Step 2/5 of Synthesis:
What is Isolation?
Isolation is when a crude sample is seperated from the reaction mixtue
What is Isolation by Distillation?
Isolation by distillation is used to isolate a liquid product from a reaction mixture on the basis of its boiling point. It is used when the product has a different boiling point to the rest of the mixture
What is Isolation by Solvent extraction?
Isolation by solvent extraction is used if the product is in an aqueous solution
Step 3/5 of Synthesis:
What is Purification?
Purification is when the crude product is purified
What is Purification by Drying?
Purification by drying is when water is removed from a liquid product using a drying agent
(e.g. Anhydrous calcium carbonate/anhydrous magnesium sulfate)
What is Purification by Distillisation?
Purification by distillation is when a liquid product is distilled and the purified product is collected
Step 4/5 of Synthesis:
What is Identification?
Identification is when the identity of the pure compound is confirmed
What is Identification by Melting point?
Identification by melting point is when the melting point of a solid product is measured and compared with the literature value in order to identify it and confirm its purity
What is Identification by mixed melting point?
Identification by mixed melting point is when a pure sample of the prepared compound is mixed with a sample of the known compound and the melting point is measured.
This identifies the compound without a doubt
What is Identification by Boiling point?
Identification by boiling point is used when the reaction product is a liquid, its boiling point is measured by distillation to help identify it
What is Identification by Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC)?
Identification by TLC is when substances are seperated based on differences in their polarity, or size
