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Grade 12 Kinesiology > Unit 2: The Skeletal Sytem Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2: The Skeletal Sytem Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vocab: Anterior

A

Front

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2
Q

Vocab: Posterior

A

Back

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3
Q

Vocab: Proximal

A

Near + close to

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4
Q

Vocab: Distal

A

Further away from

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5
Q

Vocab: Inferior

A

Below

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6
Q

Vocab: superior

A

above

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7
Q

Vocab: superficial

A

shallow

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8
Q

Vocab: profundus

A

deep

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9
Q

Vocab: Axial

A

towards median of body

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10
Q

Vocab: Appendicular

A

away from median of body

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11
Q

Vocab: Medial

A

moves towards medial

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12
Q

Vocab: Lateral

A

moves away from midline

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13
Q

Vocab: Ossify

A

cartilaginous membranes of cranium in fetus harden (turn into bone)

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14
Q

Vocab: Foramen

A

hole

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15
Q

Vocab: Lordotic

A

inward curvature spine

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16
Q

Vocab: Kyphotic

A

outward curvature of spine

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17
Q

Vocab: Joints or Articulations

A

point of contact between two connected bones

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18
Q

Vocab: Intrinsic

A

inside

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19
Q

Frontal Plane

A

divides body into front and back sections

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20
Q

Saggital Plane

A

divides body into left and right sections

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21
Q

Transverse Plane

A

divides body into top and bottom sections

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22
Q

Longitudinal Axis

A

Extends from head to toe (Rotation- shawarma spin)

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23
Q

Horizontal Axis

A

extends from one side of body to another (bending forword and backward at hip)

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24
Q

Antero-posterior Axis

A

Extends from front to back (cartwheel)

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25
Q

What axis goes with Saggital Plane

A

Horizontal

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26
Q

What axis goes with Transverse Plane

A

Longitudinal

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27
Q

What axis goes with Frontal Plane

A

Anterior-Posterior

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28
Q

Flexion

A

bending joint to decrease angle between two bones

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29
Q

Extension

A

straightening joint to increase angle between two bones

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30
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from median (away from body)

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31
Q

Adduction

A

movement towards media (towards body)

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32
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

shoulder moves posteriorly (move arms towards back)

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33
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

shoulder moves anteriorly (bring arms/elbows together)

34
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Limb moved its anterior surface medially (inwards). Movement of bone around its longitudinal axis

35
Q

External Rotation

A

limb moves its anterior surface laterally (outwards)

36
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular motion combining flexion, extension, abduction and adduction- Never rotation

37
Q

Pronation

A

Moving palm from facing anterior or upward position to posterior or downward position (squeezing knee)

38
Q

Supination

A

Moving palm from facing posterior to anterior position (holding a bowl of soup)

39
Q

Inversion

A

Turning sole of foot medially (inwards)

40
Q

Eversion

A

Turning sole of foot laterally (outwards)

41
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement that decreases angle between foot and lower leg (moving toe up towards nose)

42
Q

Plantar Flexion:

A

Movement that increases angle between foot and lower leg (pointing toe downwards, stand up on tippy toes)

43
Q

Opposition

A

thumb comes in contact with finger

44
Q

Reposition

A

thumb returns back to anatomical position

45
Q

Elevation

A

moving shoulders towards ears

46
Q

Depression

A

moving shoulders away from ears

47
Q

What plane and axis is flexion/extension?

A

Saggital plane, horizontal axis

48
Q

what plane and axis is rotation

A

Transverse plane, longitudinal axis

49
Q

What plane and axis is Abduction and Adduction

A

Frontal plane, anterior posterior axis

50
Q

What do markings on bones serve as

A

Attachment sites for tendons or ligaments
Passageways for nerves and blood vessels
Points of articulation with other bones

51
Q

List the 5 functions of bones

A

structural support, protection, blood cell and platelet formation, reservoir of minerals, and movement

52
Q

What are the 5 types of bones

A

Long bones, short bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones

53
Q

What is a long bone

A

A long bone is longer than they are wide, have a middle (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphysis)

54
Q

What is a short bone

A

Usually cube-shaped. Length, width, and height are all the same. found in wrist and ankles

55
Q

What is a flat bone

A

thin flattened bones that are usually curved. Protect vital organs: skull, ribs

56
Q

What is an irregular bone

A

Odd looking bones that do not fit into other categories

57
Q

What is a sesamoid bone

A

Unusual bones, in that they are flat, small bones that are wrapped within tendons and move over bony surfaces. Example: Patella

58
Q

List the facial bones

A

zygomatic bones (2), maxilla bones (2), mandible bone (1)

59
Q

list the cranial bones

A

parietal bones (2), temporal bones (2), occipital bone (1), frontal bone (1), sphenoid bones (2)

60
Q

What does the skull rest on

A

Superior end of vertebral column

61
Q

Where are the zygomatic bones located

A

Cheeks (below eyes)

62
Q

Where are the maxilla bones located

A

upper lip area, around nose, upper jaw

63
Q

Where is the mandible bone located

A

lower jaw

64
Q

Where are the parietal bones located

A

Top of head, separated by the sagittal suture

65
Q

Where are the temporal bones located

A

directly above ears

66
Q

Where is the occipital bone located

A

lower back of head, towards neck

67
Q

Where is the frontal bone located

A

Forehead

68
Q

Where are the sphenoid bones located

A

above ear, closer to eye

69
Q

How many verterbae does the adult human have

A

26

70
Q

What are the three types of Vertebrae and their numbers

A

Cervical Vertebrae (C1 - C7), Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) and Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

71
Q

What is the C1 Vertebrae called and how is it different from the rest

A

Atlas: No body, Superior surface of its transverse processes contain large depressions (superior articular facets) that receive occipital condyles of skull, which allow for the flexion and extension of neck (yes movement)

72
Q

What is the C2 Vertebrae called and how is it different from the rest

A

Axis: Upright process called “dens” which acts as a pivot joint for atlas and skull. Allows for rotation of head (no movement)

73
Q

Describe the structure of a Thoracic Vertebrae

A

Facets on side of bodies and transverse process for articulation with ribs, Bodies somewhat heart shaped

74
Q

Describe the structure of a Lumbar vertebrae

A

Massive block-likes bodies, weight bearing and thick
Sturdiest vertebrae
Short hatchet shaped spinous processes

75
Q

What is the thorax made up of

A

Sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

76
Q

Function of ribs

A

to protect thoracic organs

77
Q

Describe how the ribs attach to body

A

thoracic vertebrae attach to ribs posteriorly
sternum attaches to ribs anteriorly.
7 pairs are true ribs because they attach directly to sternum, next 5 pairs are false ribs because they either attach indirectly to sternum (attach to 7th rib) or are not attached to sternum at all, and 2 pairs of false ribs lack attachment so are called floating ribs

78
Q

What are the 3 bones that fuse together to make sternum

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

79
Q

What are the 5 roles of the skeletal system

A
  1. Structural support 2. protection 3. growth center for cells 4. reservoir of minerals 5. movement
80
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

The axial skeleton is comprised mainly of the vertebral column (the spine), much of the skull, and the rib cage.

81
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

The appendicular skeleton includes the movable limbs and their supporting structures (girdles). They play a key role in allowing us to move.

82
Q

What are the 6 major regions of the appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle, arms and forearms, hands, pelvis, thighs and legs, feet and ankles

Grade 12 Kinesiology (9 decks)

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