Unit 2: Energy Systems and Physical Activity Flashcards
How is energy produced through ATP
Energy is released when a trailing phosphate (Pi) is broken from the ATP molecule. This results in ADP (adenosine diphosphate) plus energy.
What are the muscle fiber types
Type 1: Slow twitch Type 2A: Intermediate Type 2B: Fast-twitch
Describe slow-twitch muscle fibers
They are small in diameter, red or darker in colour, indicating that they are rich in myoglobin. These fibers can produce slower contractions over a long period of time but these contractions are weaker. Hence, they are fatigue resistant and the ideal fiber type for activities such as long distance running, cycling or swimming
What is myoglobin
a protein that stores and delivers oxygen to working muscles, allowing them to utilize the aerobic process for energy production
Describe Intermediate muscle fibers
They have a mix of red and white fibers allowing them to have some aerobic capacity These intermediate muscle fibers allow for fast contraction indicating that they also have an anaerobic capacity They are intermediate in size and the force they produce
Athletes who compete in middle distance running events such as the 800m run are more likely to have muscle fibers of this type
Describe fast twitch muscle fibers
Also known as fast-glycolytic muscle fibers
They are more pale in colour because of their low concentration of myoglobin. Hence, they predominantly have anaerobic capacities
These very fast muscle fibers produce large amounts of force
Due to this, they tire very quickly
Sports such as olympic weight lifting and sprinting require muscle fibers of this type
What are the three types of metabolic pathways/ energy systems
The ATP-PC system, Glycolosys, and Cellular Respiration
Is the ATP-PC energy system aerobic or anaroebic
Anaroebic-Alactic: This system is ANAEROBIC which means that it does not use oxygen to produce ATP. This system is also referred to as the “Anaerobic Alactic” system because it does not use oxygen (anaerobic) and does not produce the waste product of lactic acid (alactic).
Is Glocolysis aeorobic or anaerobic
Anaroebic-Lactic: The glycolytic system does not use oxygen and thus is considered ANAEROBIC, similar to the ATP-PC system. This system is known as the Anaerobic Lactic System as it does not use oxygen but it does produce lactic acid as a byproduct of the breakdown of sugars.
Is Cellular respiration aerobic or anaroebic
Aerobic- This system is known as the AEROBIC system reflecting the important use of oxygen in the production of ATP.
What type of physical activity is ATP-PC system good for
Explosive power and speed events such as sprints, jumps, and lifting.
What type of physical activity is Glycolysis good for
good for activities that are intermediate in length such as swimming a 100 meter butterfly race, sprinting for 200-800m and the average hockey shift.
What type of physical activity is celluar respiration good for
long duration activities such as marathons, triathlons, hiking and endurance events.
How would you train the ATP-PC system
nterval training:
20% increase in CP (creatine phosphate) stores
no change in ATP stores
increase in breaking down of ATP and CP
Sprint training:
increase in CP stores up to 40%
100% increase in resting ATP stores
How would you train the glycolysis system
The rate of lactic acid accumulation, which is higher at higher workloads, can be adapted in the trained individual.
This rate can be decreased by:
reducing the rate of lactate production
increasing the rate of lactate elimination
