Unit 2 (The Cell Cycle)

Question 1

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 1

A dividing cell’s reproductive “calendar”. The sequence of events that lead to cell reproduction.

Question 2

What are the Four Steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

1. G1
2. Synthesis
3. G2
4. Mitosis

Question 3

What is Interphase?

Answer 3

The growth/ DNA replication period of the cell’s reproduction cycle. (G1, S, G2)

Question 4

What happens during the (M) stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

Normal eukaryotic cell division

Question 5

What happens during the (G1) stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

Growth and normal cell activity.

Question 6

What happens during the (S) stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

DNA Synthesis (duplicate DNA)

Question 7

What happens during the (G2) stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

A pause between synthesis and mitosis.

Question 8

What is an “interphase cell”?

Answer 8

A non-dividing cell.
(its not that it will never divide, its just not actively dividing)

Question 9

What is Mitosis?

Answer 9

Normal eukaryotic cell division.

Question 10

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 10

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
   (PMAT)

Question 11

What is the result of mitosis?

Answer 11

Two identical diploid cells.

Question 12

What is meiosis?

Answer 12

A division that reduces chromosomes by half and “shuffles” the gene.

Question 13

What is the purpose of meiosis? Where can in be found in organisms?

Answer 13

1. Meiosis makes gametes in animals.

Question 14

What is the “diploid number”?

Answer 14

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell?

Question 15

What do chromosomes look like during each stage of cell reproduction?
1. G1
2. G2
3. Mitosis

Answer 15

1. They are stretched out and individual. (ll)
2. They are still stretched out but resemble x’s. (XX)
3. During mitosis they condense. (xx)

Question 16

What is condensation in regard to chromosomes? When does it take place? (before mitosis or during?)

Answer 16

1. The coiling and folding of the stretched out chromosomes.
2. (before mitosis or during?)

Question 17

What is a chromatid?

Answer 17

There are two chromatids on each condensed chromosome.

Question 18

What is a centromere?

Answer 18

The center of a pair of chromosomes, where the two connect.

Question 19

What is a G0 cell?

Answer 19

This is a cell that is not actively preparing to divide.

Question 20

What is the primary difference between the outcome of Meiosis and Mitosis?

Answer 20

Mitosis: 2 diploid cells, identical
Meiosis: 4 haploid cells, each with unique combinations of alleles

Question 21

What is Meiosis?

Answer 21

A division in haploid cells that reduces chromosome # by half & “shuffles” the genes.

Question 22

What is binary fission?

Answer 22

The process by which Prokaryotes perform cell replication.

Question 23

How do Prokaryotes perform cell replication? How do Eukaryotes perform cell replication?

Answer 23

1. Binary Fission
2. Mitosis (diploids), Meiosis (haploids)

Question 24

What goes on during Prophase 1 (Meiosis)?

Answer 24

The chromosomes shuffle segments of their DNA.
This is called “crossing over” and what leads to genetic variation.

Question 25

What is a tetrad?

Answer 25

A group of four chromatids

Question 26

What is a Locus?

Answer 26

The location on a chromosome of a gene of a given characteristic.

Question 27

What is an allele?

Answer 27

A version of a gene. (green vs. brown eye color)

Question 28

What is the evolutionary benefit of “shuffling” genes?

Answer 28

Increases genetic variation in offspring.

Question 29

What is the result of Meiosis 1? What is the result of Meiosis 2/ Meiosis?

Answer 29

1. Two non-identical haploid cells.
2. Four non-identical haploid cells.