Unit 2 Test Review

Question 1

passive transport

Answer 1

• high to low
• no energy
• moves w/ the gradient
  ex. going down a hill

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

• controls what enters/exits
• semi-permeable (1/2 can go thru)
• made of phosopholipids/proteins
• keeps equilibrium

Question 2

active transport

Answer 2

• low to high
• ATP
• AGAINST the flow & gradient
  ex. going up a hill

Question 3

diffusion

Answer 3

• passive transport
• random movement of solute (sugar/salt)
• important for oxygen

Question 4

facilitated diffusion

Answer 4

• passive transport
• solute moves w/help of proteins (glucose transport)

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

• passive transport
• diffusion of WATER across a membrane
• hypo, hyper, iso

Question 6

endocytosis

Answer 6

• active transport
• moving cells inside
• phagocytes trap bacteria in a phagosome, which then attaches to a lysosome (phagolysosome). digests the materials& can make antibodies once it reaches the nucleus

Question 7

exocytosis

Answer 7

• active transport
• leaving the cell

Question 8

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 8

• active transport
• sodium out of the cell while potassium comes in, ATP needed to change shape of the Glut to allow sodium in/potassium out
• 1 ATP per 3 sodium ions/ 2 potassium ions

Question 9

what can easily go through the cell membrane?

Answer 9

• small, non polar molecules (O2, CO2, N2)
• small, uncharged polar molecules (H2O, glycerol)

Question 10

what has a hard time going through the cell membrane?

Answer 10

• large, uncharged polar molecules (glucose/sucrose, macromolecules)
• ions (CL-, K+, Na+)

Question 11

what solution do plant cells prefer?

Answer 11

hypotonic solution because they are turgid (normal). if theyre in a hyper solution they become plasmolyzed

Question 12

what does cholesterol do in the membrame?

Answer 12

connects phospholipids together to make sure they arent too close/ far apart

Question 13

what do glycolipids do in the membrane?

Answer 13

help signal when a molecule goes to the membrane

Question 14

what do glycoproteins do in the membrane?

Answer 14

help in signaling by enabling ells to recognize another cell as familiar/not

Question 15

what role to saturated/unsaturated fatty acids do in the membrane?

Answer 15

saturated- make membrane more rigid
unsaturated- make membrane more fluid

Question 16

how can the rate of diffusion increase?

Answer 16

the greater the surface area/ the greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 17

why do animal cells burst in hypo solutions?

Answer 17

because they have no cell wall to support them

Question 18

what part of the membrane is used to transport polar molecules/charged ions across the membrane?

Answer 18

ion channels/transport proteins

Question 19

what is the ionization constant for starch?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

is the movement of water active/passive?

Answer 20

both

Question 21

is the movement of proteins across the membrane active/passive?

Answer 21

active

Question 22

pinocytosis?

Answer 22

form of phagocytosis where the cell takes in small amounts of fluid

Question 23

is pinocytosis/phagocytosis active/passive?

Answer 23

active

Question 24

what is an integral protein?

Answer 24

proteins that go through the whole cell membrane.
peripheral proteins are on the outside

Question 25

aquaporin?

Answer 25

allows for water to move through the membrane/ control how much water comes through. also allows for active transport

Question 26

why cant H2O go through the membrane?

Answer 26

its a polar molecule and the inside of the membrane has no charge