Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards
passive transport
- high to low
- no energy
- moves w/ the gradient
ex. going down a hill
cell membrane
- controls what enters/exits
- semi-permeable (1/2 can go thru)
- made of phosopholipids/proteins
- keeps equilibrium
active transport
- low to high
- ATP
- AGAINST the flow & gradient
ex. going up a hill
diffusion
- passive transport
- random movement of solute (sugar/salt)
- important for oxygen
facilitated diffusion
- passive transport
- solute moves w/help of proteins (glucose transport)
osmosis
- passive transport
- diffusion of WATER across a membrane
- hypo, hyper, iso
endocytosis
- active transport
- moving cells inside
- phagocytes trap bacteria in a phagosome, which then attaches to a lysosome (phagolysosome). digests the materials& can make antibodies once it reaches the nucleus
exocytosis
- active transport
- leaving the cell
sodium-potassium pump
- active transport
- sodium out of the cell while potassium comes in, ATP needed to change shape of the Glut to allow sodium in/potassium out
- 1 ATP per 3 sodium ions/ 2 potassium ions
what can easily go through the cell membrane?
- small, non polar molecules (O2, CO2, N2)
- small, uncharged polar molecules (H2O, glycerol)
what has a hard time going through the cell membrane?
- large, uncharged polar molecules (glucose/sucrose, macromolecules)
- ions (CL-, K+, Na+)
what solution do plant cells prefer?
hypotonic solution because they are turgid (normal). if theyre in a hyper solution they become plasmolyzed
what does cholesterol do in the membrame?
connects phospholipids together to make sure they arent too close/ far apart
what do glycolipids do in the membrane?
help signal when a molecule goes to the membrane
what do glycoproteins do in the membrane?
help in signaling by enabling ells to recognize another cell as familiar/not
what role to saturated/unsaturated fatty acids do in the membrane?
saturated- make membrane more rigid
unsaturated- make membrane more fluid
how can the rate of diffusion increase?
the greater the surface area/ the greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
why do animal cells burst in hypo solutions?
because they have no cell wall to support them
what part of the membrane is used to transport polar molecules/charged ions across the membrane?
ion channels/transport proteins
what is the ionization constant for starch?
1
is the movement of water active/passive?
both
is the movement of proteins across the membrane active/passive?
active
pinocytosis?
form of phagocytosis where the cell takes in small amounts of fluid
is pinocytosis/phagocytosis active/passive?
active
what is an integral protein?
proteins that go through the whole cell membrane.
peripheral proteins are on the outside
aquaporin?
allows for water to move through the membrane/ control how much water comes through. also allows for active transport
why cant H2O go through the membrane?
its a polar molecule and the inside of the membrane has no charge
