Functional Groups Names/Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of aminos?

A

amines/proteins

  • acts as a base, can gain H+ from surroundings (ex water, living organisms)
  • found in cells in the ionized form w/a charge of 1+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

characteristics of carbonyl?

A

ketones (inside skeleton)
aldehydes (end of skeleton)

  • a ketone & aldehyde may be structural isomers w/diff properties
  • ketone & aldehyde groups also found in sugars (ketoses & aldoses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

characteristics of carboxyl?

A

carboxylic acids (organic acids)

  • acts as an acid, can donate H+ bc covalent bond between oxyden/hydrogen is so polar
  • found in cells in ionized form w/a charge of 1- & called carboxylate ion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

characteristics of hydroxyl?

A

alcohols (specific names usually end in -ol)

  • POLAR due to electrons spending more time near the electronegative oxygen atom
  • can form hydrogen bonds w/water molecules, helping dissolves organic compounds like sugars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of methyl?

A

methylated compounds

  • additional of a methyl group to DNA, or to molecules bound to DNA affects expression of genes
  • arrangement of methyl groups in male & female sex hormones affects their shape and function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

characteristics of phosphate?

A

organic phosphates

  • contributes a neg. charge to the molecule its apart of (2- when at the end of a molecule, 1- when in a chain of phosphates)
  • molecules w/phosphate groups have potential to react w/water, releasing energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics of sulfhydryl?

A

thiols

  • 2 sulfhydryl groups can react & form a covalent bond. This “cross linking” helps stabilize protein structure.
  • cross-linking of cysteines in hair proteins maintains curliness or straightness. straight hair can be “permanently” curled by shaping it around curlers + breaking then reformed the cross-linking bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly