Functional Groups Names/Characteristics Flashcards
1
Q
characteristics of aminos?
A
amines/proteins
- acts as a base, can gain H+ from surroundings (ex water, living organisms)
- found in cells in the ionized form w/a charge of 1+
2
Q
characteristics of carbonyl?
A
ketones (inside skeleton)
aldehydes (end of skeleton)
- a ketone & aldehyde may be structural isomers w/diff properties
- ketone & aldehyde groups also found in sugars (ketoses & aldoses)
3
Q
characteristics of carboxyl?
A
carboxylic acids (organic acids)
- acts as an acid, can donate H+ bc covalent bond between oxyden/hydrogen is so polar
- found in cells in ionized form w/a charge of 1- & called carboxylate ion
4
Q
characteristics of hydroxyl?
A
alcohols (specific names usually end in -ol)
- POLAR due to electrons spending more time near the electronegative oxygen atom
- can form hydrogen bonds w/water molecules, helping dissolves organic compounds like sugars
5
Q
characteristics of methyl?
A
methylated compounds
- additional of a methyl group to DNA, or to molecules bound to DNA affects expression of genes
- arrangement of methyl groups in male & female sex hormones affects their shape and function
6
Q
characteristics of phosphate?
A
organic phosphates
- contributes a neg. charge to the molecule its apart of (2- when at the end of a molecule, 1- when in a chain of phosphates)
- molecules w/phosphate groups have potential to react w/water, releasing energy
7
Q
characteristics of sulfhydryl?
A
thiols
- 2 sulfhydryl groups can react & form a covalent bond. This “cross linking” helps stabilize protein structure.
- cross-linking of cysteines in hair proteins maintains curliness or straightness. straight hair can be “permanently” curled by shaping it around curlers + breaking then reformed the cross-linking bonds