Unit 2 Test Review

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

-Nerves protected by bone
-not able to go through mitosis after a disease/injury
-highest on the hierarchy
-potential of stem cells or cancer cells (positive outlook)

**brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 2

-of the body
-voluntary control of movements
-afferent nerves (to the brain/sensory)
-efferent nerves (motor response)
-2 lane highway

Question 3

autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

-regulates “automatic” functions
-homeostasis
-afferent and efferent

Question 4

Two divisions of ANS? (The efferent nerves)

Answer 4

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

-flight or fight mechanism
-bodies response to stress
-homeostasis
-nerves from lumbar and thoracic regions

Question 6

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

-body activity at rest
-SLUDD–salvation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation
-rest and digest
-nerves from brain and sacrum

Question 7

Meninges

Answer 7

PAD:
-Pia mater (innermost)
-arachnoid
-Dura mater (outermost)

Question 8

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 8

-supports and cushions the brain/spinal chord
-produced by the choroid plexus
-network of blood vessels similar to blood make-up

Question 9

blood brain barrier

Answer 9

-another vital line of defense against harmful materials to the brain
-impedes proteins and hormones
-chemicals
-pharmaceutical challenge

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

-specialized cells that receive, conduct, and transmit electrochemical signals
-vital for nervous system function

Question 11

soma/cell body

Answer 11

-metabolic base and holds DNA

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

-treelike receiving zone for neurotransmitter

Question 13

axon

Answer 13

-single projection off soma carrying electrical impulse

Question 14

collateral axon

Answer 14

-loose wire and communicates with many other cell dendrites

Question 15

recurrent collateral axon

Answer 15

-type of collateral
-communicates with the sending circuit
-closed circuit for same action

Question 16

axon hillock

Answer 16

-cone shaped region at the soma and axon that houses the first electrical impulse

Question 17

myelin

Answer 17

-fatty insulation around axon in white matter, protects the axon

Question 18

node of ranvier

Answer 18

-gaps in the myelin for electrical signal, it lets ions enter and exit through these gaps.

Question 18

node of ranvier

Answer 18

-gaps in the myelin for electrical signal, it lets ions enter and exit through these gaps.

Question 19

terminal bouton (button)

Answer 19

-end of axon holding synaptic vesicle

Question 20

synaptic vesicle

Answer 20

-storage bin/bladder for neurotransmitter
-signaled to release NT by electrical message in axon

Question 21

synapse

Answer 21

-gap between adjacent neurons that are not touching
-20 nm
-site of transfer of neurotransmitter
-pre and post synaptic membranes
-end of axon/new cells dendrite

Question 22

Planes of motion

Answer 22

frontal: abduction and adduction
sagittal: flexion and extension
transverse: rotation

anterior- front
posterior- back
medial- inside (midline)
lateral-outside- away from midline

dorsal: top/back
ventral: bottom/front

Question 23

dorsal

Answer 23

relating to the back or posterior of a structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.

Question 24

ventral

Answer 24

pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure. The ventral surfaces of the body include the chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles
ventral= “venter” meaning belly.

Question 25

cervical

Answer 25

-7 vertebrae
-C-1 atlas- for stability of the neck to spine
-C-2 axis- for motion side to side
-8 disc
-whiplash injury: contra coupe effect
-herniated disc injuries: common fusion site

Question 26

thoracic

Answer 26

-12 vertebrae and disc
-minimal motion
-herniated disc
-locked facet joint
-spinal stenosis

Question 27

lumbar spine

Answer 27

-5 vertebrae and disc
-forward flexion good-extension important
-herniated disc
-spinal stenosis
-spondylolisthesis
-common site for fusions

Question 28

sacrum

Answer 28

-5 fused vertebrae
-no disc
-sacroiliac dysfunction

Question 29

coccyx

Answer 29

-4 fused vertebrae
-no disc
-contusion
-dislocation

Question 30

frontal

Answer 30

abduction and adduction

Question 31

saggital

Answer 31

flexion and extension

Question 32

transverse

Answer 32

rotation

Question 33

anterior

Answer 33

front

Question 34

posterior

Answer 34

back

Question 35

medial

Answer 35

inside (midline)

Question 36

lateral

Answer 36

(outside) away from midline

Question 37

dorsal

Answer 37

top/back

Question 38

ventral

Answer 38

bottom/front