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Neuro Honors > Summative Brain Mapping Test 11/16 > Flashcards

Summative Brain Mapping Test 11/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

specialized cells which receive, conduct, and transmits electrochemical signals, vital for the nervous system function

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2
Q

soma/cell body

A

the formation and production of NT, the metabolic base and houses the nucleus (which has the dna)

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3
Q

dendrites

A

treelike receiving zones for neurotransmitters

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4
Q

axon

A

single projection off soma carrying electrical impulses (1 true axon)

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5
Q

collateral axon

A

loose wire, communicates with many other cell dendrites

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6
Q

recurrent collateral axon

A

type of collateral axon that communicates with the sending circuit

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7
Q

axon hillock

A

cone shaped region at the soma and axon. The sute of the first electrical charge

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8
Q

myelin

A

fatty insulation around the axon in white matter. It protects the axon

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9
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps within the myelin for electrical signals (and ions) to pass through and enter or exit the cell, the flow of material

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10
Q

Terminal buton (button)

A

end of axon holding synaptic vesicle (bulb at end). Sends signals to other neurons

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11
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

storage bin/bladder for neurotransmitters. Signals to release neurotransmitters by electrical messages in the axon.

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12
Q

synapse

A

-the gap between the adjacent neurons, no touching.
-20 nm (billionths of a meter)
the site of transfer of neurotransmitters
-pre and post-synaptic membranes
-end of axon/new cell dendrite

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13
Q

meninges

A

cushion between your brain and skull
pia mater (innermost)
arachnoid
dura mater (outermost)

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14
Q

meningitis

A

-viral, inflammation of meninges (flu-like symptoms)
-fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, compromised mental status
-BACTERIAL
-viral and seizure, coma
-brain damage, hearing loss

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15
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

-supports and cushions the brain/spinal chord
-produced by the choroid plexus (network of blood vessels similar to blood make-up)

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16
Q

blood brain barrier

A

another vital line of defense against harmful materials to the brain
-impedes proteins and hormones (chemical and pharmaceutical challenge)

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17
Q

PLANES OF MOTION

A

frontal
sagittal
transverse
anterior
posterior
medial
lateral
dorsal
ventral

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18
Q

frontal

A

abduction and adduction

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19
Q

sagittal

A

flexion and extension

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20
Q

transverse

A

rotation

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21
Q

anterior

A

frontal

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22
Q

posterior

A

back

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23
Q

medial

A

inside (midline)

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24
Q

lateral

A

outside (away from midline)

25
Q

DORSAL

A

top/back
ex: back, butt, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand

26
Q

VENTRAL

A

bottom/front
ex: chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles.

27
Q

5 major sections of the human brain

A

telencephalon
diencephalon
myelencephalon
metencephalon
mesencephalon

28
Q

Telencephalon

A

L&R hemisphere
4 lobes (8 in total)
ANOTHER NAME FOR IT: cerebrum
directs: motor (voluntary), sensory, learning and memory, language and communication

brain tissue (sulci and gyri)
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
FPOT (Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe)
Limbic system

29
Q

sulci

A

a grove, crevice, or furrow to allow CSF to circulate in the cerebral cortex

30
Q

gyri

A

a ridge on the cerebral cortex

31
Q

cerebral cortex

A

highest on the intellectual function
sensory: perception, motor, reasoning, thought, and language

32
Q

Corpus callosum

A

band of fibers which connect the L&R hemispheres of the brain

33
Q

Occipital lobe

A

the visual processing center
visual cortex
the primary visual cortex is the brodmann area

34
Q

temporal lobe

A

-involved in auditory perception
-important for the processing of somatics in speech
-contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in long term memory (LTM)
-emotion regulated

35
Q

frontal lobe

A

dopamine-sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex
-socially accepted emotions/behaviors
-non-task LTM
-Future executive decision-making, problem solving, planning and speech

3 main divisions:
prefrontal cortex
premotor area
motor area

36
Q

parietal lobe

A

-sensory perception for determining spatial sense and navigation
-knowledge of #s and their relations
-manipulation of objects

37
Q

limbic system

A

amygdale- almond shape and is the fear response and behaviors
hippocampus- seahorse shape, long term memory
septum- olfaction
basil ganglia- motor (movement)

38
Q

Diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

39
Q

thalamus

A

relay and processes info to the cerebral cortex (sensation, spatial sense, motor signals, regulations of consciousness, sleep, alertness)

40
Q

hypothalamus

A

relay and processes internal regulation to the pituitary gland
(hunger, hormones, thermoregulation, etc)

41
Q

Mesencephalon (MIDBRAIN)

A

tectum and tegmentum

42
Q

tectum (roof)

A

superior colliculi: relay station for vision
optic nerve/chiasm
inferior colliculi: relay station for auditory

43
Q

tegmentum

A

substantia nigra (latin for black surface)
-part of the basil ganglia
-reward, addiction, fine motor, movement
-dopamine

44
Q

Metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

45
Q

pons

A

life functioning (most protected)
breathing, heart (rate and pressure), blood pressure, motor control, sensory analysis
-primitive (simple) part of the brain and is similar to reptiles

46
Q

Cerebellum (little brain, ventral to the occipital region)

A

stored motor responses
posture
coordinated movement
PROPRIOCEPTION (6th sense)
attention, language, and emotional function.
regulation of fear and pleasure responses
balance
motor program in cerebellum and awareness of where we are in space

47
Q

Myelencephalon

A

medulla

48
Q

medulla oblongata

A

last part before the spinal cord
cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, swallowing, reflexes, and waste removal.
-Autonomic nervous system control (Blood Pressure and Heart Rate)

49
Q

Brain Stem

A

Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Diencephalon
Vital for life functions (if destroyed=death)

50
Q

Glia Cells

A

10-1 ratio
Astrocyte
Microglia
Schwann
Oligodendrocytes

mini cells

51
Q

Astrocyte

A

(very small and star shape)
largest of all glia (found in the blood brain barrier)
Redirects blood and nutrients

52
Q

Microglia

A

(housekeeping cells)
Cleans waste (the vast majority of glia cells)

53
Q

schwann

A

only in the PNS
produces myelin

54
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

only in CNS
produces myelin

55
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

water on brain
abnormal accumulation of CSF in ventricles
Not too much CSF

56
Q

Nerve root

A

dorsal roots: Afferent (top back) and is involved in sensory
ventral roots: efferent (front bottom) and is involved in motor

57
Q

Nissl stain

A

works with Alois Alzheimer
Stains RNA blue
Uses basic Aniline

58
Q

golgi stain

A

identifies neurons with potassium dichromate and silver nitrate

Neuro Honors (14 decks)

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