Memory Quiz 3/29/23

Question 1

3 types of learning

Answer 1

verbal, optical, tactile

Question 2

3 modes of memory

Answer 2

-working memory: call to information
-short-term memory: tagging component, time frame = 30 mins and under (book says)
-long-term memory: psychological change of circuitry in the brain and you’ll remember for a long time

Question 3

how do you make long term memories

Answer 3

you have to make a stm and it travels to the hippocampus and consolidates it

Question 4

memory basics:

Answer 4

-acquire info
-retain info
-retrieve system: how we recall it

Question 5

Contributions to the HM Case Study

Answer 5

1) the medial temporal lobe assists in making stm and ltms
2) mnemonic function occurs in the hippocampus
3) there are different modes of storage
-working
-short
-long
4) HM had difficulty forming explicit memories but was still able to make implicit memories
-explicit (declaration)
-implicit is a strong way of learning
5) HM had difficulty with his semantic memories
6) HM showed improvement on his iq scores
7) in 2004,they took 2,000 slides on his brain, they only found 16 problematic slides
-his brain was working

Question 6

Procedural memory

Answer 6

type 1 of LTM, the unconscious way that we do things including skills like learning to ride a bike or tying your shoes

Question 7

Implicit memory (sub category of procedural)

Answer 7

when previous experiences aid in a performance of a task without conscious awareness

Question 8

declarative memory

Answer 8

also known as explicit memory, this is type 2 of our memory system and refers to memories that are consciously recalled including facts and events

Question 9

episodic memory

Answer 9

first sub division of declarative memory, a memory of a self-experienced event which includes time, place, and emotion (not defined by an isolated time period)

Question 10

semantic memory

Answer 10

2nd sub division of declarative memory, refers to the memory of meanings, understandings and concept based knowledge

Question 11

autobiographical memory

Answer 11

consists of episodes recollected over a person’s lifespan. Based on episodic and semantic

Question 12

Flashbulb memory

Answer 12

highly detailed and exceptionally vivid snapshot of a moment/circumstance which was surprising and consequential

Question 13

How many amnesia types are there

Answer 13

5: medial temporal lobe, Korsakoff’s syndrome, alzheimer’s, post traumatic, electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 14

Medial temporal lobe

Answer 14

-difficulty forming explicit LTMs
-difficulty forming semantic memory
MAIN REASON: cerebral Ischemia (lack of blood flow, high risk of stoke / amnesia. This is a period of time: months, years, etc, not all of a sudden)

Question 15

Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 15

-abuse of alcohol / caffeine (over period of time)
-B-1 (Thiamine) deficiency
-Diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus is affected (intelligence and internal regulation)
-Neocortex: if a pregnant individual consumes alcohol, it can stunt the learning ability of the fetus
-Hippocampus: LTM
-Cerebellum: proprioception and motor skills

Question 16

Alzheimer’s

Answer 16

unknown why this occurs
Theories:
1) cholinergic hypothesis (oldest):
-decrease of ACH production
2) Amyloids Hypothesis:
-Beta Amyloid: protein deposit
-breakdown of protein making plaque, blocking dendrites
-beta amyloid in Tyrosine 21 (Down Syndrome), a clogging agent

Question 17

Tau Protein

Answer 17

-a breakdown of a microtubule of a cell
-formation of neurofibrillary

Question 18

Post Traumatic

Answer 18

-can be - or +
-retrograde - losing past memories
-anterograde - inability to to make new
-these two are defense mechanism

Question 19

Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy (ECSI)

Answer 19

-erased a little bit of memory, it is not controlled
-chemical / electrical stimulation population in 50s-60s
-about a million per year (2020, treatment)
-last resort, life saving response