Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

US History (11th Grade) > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Edwin Drake (Black Gold)

A

He used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania, that removing oil from beneath the earth’s surface became practical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bessemer Process

A

Involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Steel

A

It was used to make railroads, bridges, and skyscraper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thomas Edison

A

He perfected the incandescent light bulb and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Christopher Sholes

A

He invented the typewriter in 1867.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alexander Bell

A

He invented the telephone in 1876.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

He was one of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune. He had a passion for supporting charities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

A
  • Vertical: buy out suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems,
  • Horizontal: buy out competing steel producers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social Darwinism

A

“Natural Selection” weeded out less-suited individuals and enabled the best-adapted to survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

John Rockefeller

A

Founder of Standard Oil Company, which was the number one steel producer in the country. He used a trust to gain total control of the oil industry in the US.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other companies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

Led the Cigar Markers’ International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A

It focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eugene Debs

A

Attempted to form an industrial union, ARU, that included all laborers in a specific industry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

A

Included miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers. It welcomed blacks, but membership never topped 100,000. Gave dignity and a sense of solidarity to unskilled workers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ellis Island

A

An immigration station that was mainly used by Europeans to enter the country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Melting pot

A

A mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nativism

A

Overt favoritism towards native-born Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

It banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A

Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the US in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Urbanization

A

Growth of cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Americanization movement

A

Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tenement

A

Multifamily urban dwellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mass transit

A

Transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Social Gospel movement

A

Preached salvation through service to the poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Settlement houses

A

Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Jane Addams

A

One of the most influential people of the Social Gospel movement.

28
Q

Political machine

A

Groups who offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support.

29
Q

Graft

A

Illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

30
Q

Boss Tweed

A

Head of Tammany Hall, led the Tweed Ring, a group of corrupt politicians.

31
Q

Civil Service

A

Government Administration

32
Q

Rutherford Hayes

A

Elected in 1876, supported reform, named independents to his cabinets, set up a commission to investigate the nation’s customhouses.

33
Q

Progressive Movement

A

Aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.

1) social welfare
2) moral
3) economic
4) efficiency

34
Q

Prohibition/18th Amendment

A

The banning of alcohol beverages

35
Q

Muckraker

A

Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public like in mass circulation during the early 20th century.

36
Q

Recall

A

Enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election by the end of their term if enough voters asked for it.

37
Q

17th Amendment

A

Made direct election of senators the law of the land

38
Q

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

A

Their mission was “the moral education of the race with which we are identified,” managed nurseries, reading homes, and kindergartens.

39
Q

Suffrage

A

The right to vote

40
Q

Susan Anthony

A

Leading proponent of women suffrage; said “I would sooner cut off my right hand then ask the ballot for the black man and not for women”

41
Q

National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

A

Fought for women suffrage

42
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Muckraker journalist whose focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago.

43
Q

“The Jungle”

A

Sinclair’s book that depicted the sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry.

44
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

He was nauseated by Sinclair’s account. The president invited the author to visit him at the White House, where he promised to fix these wrongs.

45
Q

Square Deal

A

The various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration

46
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

Strict cleanliness requirements for meatpacking and created the program of federal meat inspection.

47
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

It halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.

48
Q

Conservation

A

Wilderness areas would be preserved while others would be developed for the common good

49
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A

Aimed for full equality among the races

50
Q

William Taft

A

Roosevelt’s secretary of war, elected President, progressive agenda

51
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Democrat running against Taft and Roosevelt; endorsed progressive plan called the New Freedom which demanded even stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs.

52
Q

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

A

It was given the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statues, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to a number of unfair business practices.

53
Q

19th Amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote.

54
Q

16th Amendment

A

Legalized a federal income tax

55
Q

The Great Strike of 1877

A

Workers for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad struck to protest their second mage cut in two months. The work stoppage spread to other lines.

56
Q

Mary Jones

A

Supported the Great Strike of 1877 and later organized the Untied Mine Workers of American (UMW). Led 80 million children on a march to the home of Theodore Roosevelt.

57
Q

Monopoly

A

To have complete control over its industry’s production

58
Q

Holding company

A

A corporation that did nothing but buy out the stock of other companies.

59
Q

Trust

A

Combining a bunch of businesses into one big organization.

60
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

Authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates’ performance on an examination.

61
Q

Chester Arthur

A

Took over for Garfield, passed the Pendleton Civil Service Act

62
Q

Initiative

A

Bill originated by the people, not lawmakers

63
Q

Referendum

A

Vote on the initiative

64
Q

Arbitration Commission Compromise (1902)

A

Miners won 10%, 9 hour day –> couldn’t strike for 3 years.

65
Q

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

A

Prohibited wealthy railroad owners from colluding to fix high prices by dividing the business in a given area.

66
Q

Elkins Act (1903)

A

Made it illegal for railroad officers to give rebates for using particular railroads.

US History (11th Grade) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions