Unit 1 Test

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

The movement where philosophers valued reason and scientific method.

Question 2

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 2

He embraced the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation and reason.

Question 3

Great Awakening

Answer 3

A series of religious revivals that aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church swept through the colonies.

Question 4

French and Indian War

Answer 4

French and British territories collided and war broke out.

Question 5

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 5

It established a Proclamation Line along the Appalachians, which colonist weren’t allowed to cross.

Question 6

King George III

Answer 6

King of England who, in order to lower the debt, chose financial expert, George Grenville to serve as prime minister.

Question 7

Sugar Act (Did 3 things)

Answer 7

• It halved the duty on foreign made molasses in the hopes that colonist would pay a lower tax rather than risk arrest by smuggling
• Placed duties on certain imports that had not been taxed before
• It provided that colonists accused of violation of the act would be tried in a vice-admiralty court rather than a colonial court

Question 8

Stamp Act

Answer 8

It imposed a tax on documents and printed items

Question 9

Samuel Adams

Answer 9

One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty, led colonists to boycott British goods

Question 10

Boston Massacre

Answer 10

A mod gathered in front of the Boston Customs House and taunted the British soldiers. Shots were fired and 5 colonists were killed or mortally wounded.

Question 11

Boston Tea Party

Answer 11

A large group of Boston rebels dumped 18,000 lbs of East India Company’s tea into Boston Harbor

Question 12

Intolerable Acts (1774)

Answer 12

• Shut down Boston Harbor
• Authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes
• General Thomas was appointed governor of Massachusetts

Question 13

Middle Passage

Answer 13

The voyage that brought Africans to the New World

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

Enlightenment thinker; people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and every society is based on a social contract

Question 15

“Common Sense”

Answer 15

Written by Thomas Paine; argued that responsibility for British tyranny lay with “the royal brute of Britain”

Question 16

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 16

He asserted that a government’s legitimate power can only come from the consent of the governed, and that when a government denies their unalienable rights, the people have the right to “alter or abolish” that government

Question 17

Declaration of Independence

Answer 17

The document that declares the United States as its own country

Question 18

Loyalists

Answer 18

Colonists who were loyal to Britain

Question 19

Patriots

Answer 19

Colonists who wanted to be free from Britain’s rule

Question 20

Secession

Answer 20

The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union

Question 21

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 21

The right to vote for or against slavery

Question 22

The Underground Railroad

Answer 22

The secret passageway that helped slaves escape their owners and flee to the North.

Question 23

Dred Scott

Answer 23

A slave whose owner took him from a slave state, into a free state, and then back again. He appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom, and the court flatly rejected it.

Question 24

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 24

Republican congressman challenger to Stephen Douglas; he believed that slavery was immoral

Question 25

Confederacy

Answer 25

The group of southern states that seceded from the Union.

Question 26

Jefferson Davis

Answer 26

The president of the Confederacy

Question 27

Fort Sumter

Answer 27

The most important Southern fort that belonged to the Union

Question 28

Ulysses Grant

Answer 28

The general of the Union army

Question 29

Robert Lee

Answer 29

The general of the Confederate army

Question 30

The Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 30

Spoken by Lincoln, it granted slaves behind Confederate lines their freedom

Question 31

Conscription

Answer 31

A draft that forced men to serve in the army

Question 32

Clara Barton

Answer 32

One of the most famous nurses during the war, eventually founded the American Red Cross

Question 33

Gettysburg

Answer 33

The most decisive battle of the war

Question 34

Gettysburg Address

Answer 34

Unified the nation

Question 35

William Sherman

Answer 35

Appointed by Grant as commander of the military division of the Mississippi

Question 36

Appomattox Court House

Answer 36

Grant and Lee arranged a Confederate surrender

Question 37

13th Amendment

Answer 37

Abolished slavery

Question 38

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 38

Assassinator of Lincoln

Question 39

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 39

It arranged to teach them to read and write, considered critical by the freedmen themselves as well as the government. Bureau agents also served as legal advocates for African Americans in both local and national courts, mostly in cases dealing with family issues

Question 40

Reconstruction

Answer 40

The period during which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War

Question 41

Andrew Johnson

Answer 41

He wanted to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from taking oath needed for voting privileges.

Question 42

14th Amendment

Answer 42

Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S. citizen aka anyone born in the United States

Question 43

15th Amendment

Answer 43

No one can be kept from voting despite race or religion

Question 44

Hiram Revels

Answer 44

The first African American senator

Question 45

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Answer 45

A southern vigilante group who wanted to destroy the Republican party, to throw out the Reconstruction governments, to aid the planter class, and to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights.