Unit 2 Test Flashcards
1
Q
Nervous Tissue
A
Rapid detection and communication
2
Q
Muscle Tissue
A
Movement (voluntary and involuntary)
3
Q
Connective Tissue
A
Binds,supports (+blood)
4
Q
Epithelial Tissue
A
Linings, coverings, glands
5
Q
Mucous Membranes
A
-‘Wet’ membranes that can open to the exterior
-Include digestive,respiratory, reproductive tracts
6
Q
Sereous Membranes
A
-line cavities that do not open to exterior
-pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
7
Q
Tissue Membranes
A
Sheets that cover or line body/organs
8
Q
Tight junctions
A
Water-tight, sewn together, banner between epithelial cells
9
Q
Anchoring Junctions
A
Strong and flexible, like rivets/buttons -connect cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix
10
Q
Gap junctions
A
Tiny tubes, allows small molecules and ions to pass btwn cells
11
Q
Goblet Cell
A
-Simple columnar, single celled glands
-Secrete mucous
12
Q
Glandular Epithelium
A
- gland
- 1 or more cells that secrete aqueous fluid
13
Q
Endocrine gland
A
- Glandular epi
- Secrete hormones directly to blood
14
Q
Exocrine gland
A
- Glandular epi
- secrete into ducts, sweat glands for example
15
Q
Tubular Glands
A
Secretory cells form straight or coiled tubes
Exocrine gland structure
16
Q
Alveolar Glands
A
Secretory cells form pockets and acini
17
Q
Branched
A
Multiple secretory units empty into single duct
18
Q
Merocrine
A
Exocytosis (most common)
19
Q
Apocrine
A
Apical portion of cell ‘pinches off’ (sweat glands at armpits)
20
Q
Holocrine
A
Cell ruptures and is destroyed ( sebaceous/oil glands of skin)
21
Q
Function of CT
A
Binds tissues together, support, protection, insulation
22
Q
CT Proper
A
Loose and dense
Fibers with viscous ground substance
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal
23
Q
Supportive CT
A
Bone and cartilage
24
Q
Fluid CT
A
Blood and lymph
25
Fibroblasts
Make fibers and ground substance
26
Adipocytes
Store lipids
27
Mesenchymal cells
Stem cells
28
Migrating cells of immune system
Macrophages, phagocytes, plasma cells
29
Collagen Fiber
Great tensile strength, principle component of tendons and ligaments
30
Elastic Fiber
Recoil due to protein elastic abundant in skin and vertebral ligaments
31
Reticular Fiber
Similar to collagen but thinner and branched, abundant in spleen, lymph, liver
32
Skeletal muscle
Long fibers, striped, many nuclei
Attach to bones, around mouth, anus
33
Smooth muscle
Short spindle shaped cells, look pressure
Walls of major organs/vessels
34
Cardiac muscle
Branched, striated cells w/ I nucleus , inter calculated discs
Involuntary pumps blood
Heart
35
Dermis
Dense irregular c.t. (Mainly), houses blood vessels
36
Hypodermic
Mainly adipose C.t., not technically part of skin, good site for injections
37
Layers of epidermis (5)
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, stratum corneum
38
Stratum basale (or germanitivum)
1rst deepest layers (mainly stern cells)
39
Stratum spinosum
Desmosomes link cells
40
Stratum granulosum
Lamellar granules = keratin and keratonyalin
41
Stratum lucrdum
Dead, flattened curs of eleiden (water - resistant keratonyalin derivative) thick skin only
42
Stratum corneum
Heavily keratinized; abrasion, microbe and hydration resistance
43
Thick skin
Palms and soles
44
Layers of dermis
Papillary layer, reticular layer
45
Papillary layer
Aerolar ct, touch and pain receptors, phagocytes & capillaries
46
Reticular layer
Dense irregular et, interwoven collagen + elastic fibers, rich in blood vessels and sensory receptors
47
Eumelanin
Most common, black and brown types
48
Phenomelanin
Red, produced by melanocytes
49
Melanosomes
Taken up by keratinocytes, protects from UV damage
50
Moles B freckles
Irregular, concentrated melanocytes
51
Cyanosis (blood)
A poorly oxygenated blood
52
Juandice-yellow cast
Possible liver disorder
53
Addi sons disease
Hyposecretion of cortex hormones
54
Addi sons disease
Hyposecretion of cortex hormones
55
Vitiligo
Patches where melanin not produced
56
Albinoism
Melanocytes fail to produce melanin
57
Characteristics of epithelial
Avascular, apical surface, basal surface, basement membrane, connective tissue, and cilia
58
Characteristics of connective tissue
Cells, amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers
59
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Respond to stimuli, contractility, stretch, involuntary control,
60
Characteristics of nervous tissue
Send and receive electrochemical signals that provide body with information
61
Epithelial cell types
Stratified, cubical, columnar, psuedostratified, transitional
62
Connective cell types
Fibroblasts,adipocytes,mast cells, macrophages, monocytes, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes
63
Muscle cell types
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
64
Nervous cell types
Sensory neurons
65
Ground substance
Mix of proteoglycans and glycoproteins and it occupies space between dermal structure
66
Fibers
Individual muscle cells that make up muscle tissue
67
Matrix
Material or tissue that exists between cells
68
Function of ground substance
Protein synthesis, break down of nutrients and movement of organelles
69
Function of fibers
Help to control the physical forces within the body
70
Function of matrix
Contains growth factors that let the cell know when to divide and not
71
Proteoglycans
Structural development, organization, hydration, functional properties of tissue
72
Proteoglycans
Structural development, organization, hydration, functional properties of tissue
73
Gag's
Regulation of cell growth, promotion of cell adhesion, wound repair
74
Basement membrane
Layer of extracellular matrix that separates and supports tissues in the body
75
Layers of basement membrane (2)
- Basal Latina and reticular lemma
76
Cutaneous membrane
Protection of body against trauma, and also prevents excessive water loss
77
Synovial membrane
Protect joints they surround
78
Microvilli
Increase the cells surface area to allow for more absorption or secretion
79
Cilia
Move together to sweep out dust and mucus
80
Lucunae
Spaces between bones, provide 9 home for cells it contains while also keeping them alive and functional
81
Lucunae
Spaces between bones, provide 9 home for cells it contains while also keeping them alive and functional
82
Connective tissue membranes
Synovial membrane, surround kidney
83
Epithelial membrane
Mucous, serious, cutaneous
84
Arrector pili
. Smooth muscle attached to follicle, papillary causes goosebumps
85
Glassy membrane
Thick, clear basement membrane between epidermal and dermis layers of root shaft
86
Eccrine sweat gland
Most common) = coiled tubular glands, release sweat
87
Apocrine sweat glands location
Maxillary & genetial, active at puberty
88
Sebum
Mix of lipids /fatty acids
89
Function of integumentary system
Protection, sensory, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis
90
Hair root plexus
Sensory, free nerve endings around hair bulb, Terkel cells
91
Messiness tactile corpuscle)
Light touch
92
Pacinian (lamented) corpuscle
Deep pressure /vibration
93
Homeostatic imbalance
Cancer, UV exposure (1 in 5)
94
Basal cell carcinoma
Arise from stratum basale, easily treated
95
Squamous cell carcinoma
12 in 10), arise from stratum spinosum, more dangerous than basal cell
96
Melanoma
Arise from melanocytes, least commons most dangerous
97
Blister
Epidermis and dermis separate
98
How do nutrients get to epithelia al tissue
Since t is avascular, nutrients enter by diffusion or absorption from underlying tissues or the surface
99
How are hairs formed?
Cells multiply and make keratin to harden the structure, they are pushed ud the follicle and through the skins surface as a shaft of hair
100
Merle cells
Touch sensation
101
Longer Han cells
Immune cells
102
1rst step of tissue repair
Inflammation, hours to days, initiated by necrosis = accidental cell death
- vasodilation occurs due to mast cells
- clot forms to bind wound, prevent infection
103
2nd step of tissue repair
Waste removal and angiogenesis, days to weeks
- granulation tissue=temporary capillaries grow into wound
- replaced by scartissue (collagen fibers)
- macrophages remove/digest debris
104
3rd step of tissue repair
Remodeling, regeneration and scar tissue
- epithelial tissue regenerates
- granulation tissue replaced with scar tissue
-regenerates under lying scar
