Lab Flashcards
Dendrite
Form synapses or detect stimuli and are adapted to generate graded potentials toward cell body and axon hillock
Axon hillock
Trigger zone and first part of axon
Where are Na channels found?
Axon hillock, initiate action potential at threshold
Myelin
Phospholipid and protein layer around axons that ↑ the speed of action potentials
Schwann cell
Glial cells responsible for forming myelin sheath n PNS
Node of ranger
Gaps in myelin sheath that allow Lons to enter and exit the axon and propagate ap
Collateral axon
Major branch of axon that can deliver the AP to different target cells
Axon terminal/ synaptic knob
Last structure of axon that contains neurotransmitters that will be released to communicate W / target cell
Vescides
Store nuerot, and release them into synaptic cleft when stimulated
Unipolar neuron
I process, sensory
Unipolar location
Nuclei, PNS, CNS. Dorsal root ganglion, cranial gangland
Bipolar
Sensory,2 processes
Bipolar location
PNS, sensory path
Multipolar
Many processes, integration and motor
Multipolar location
PNS, CNS, autonomic ganglia
Myelin is made up of the membranes of
Schwann cans in DNS and ologodendrites in CNS
What carries impulses away from the cell body of neuron?
Axons
What neurons can be found in retina of the eye?
Bipolar
Schwann cells are only found in
Peripheral nervous system
Myelin_ conduction velocity
↑
The ‘blank’ is an interruption in myelin sheath which enhances conduction velocity by allowing saltatory conduction
Node of ranker
Membranes and therefore myelin are made of and
Phospholipids and protein
Cluster of cell bodies in CNS
Nuclei
Cluster of cell bodies in PNS
Ganglia
What de nisei bodies responsible for?
Synthesis of proteins
outer membrane of axon
Axolemna
Function of Schwann cells
. Allow neurons to form multiple synapses
How do ions move in and out of cells?
Protein channels or pumps
What is an ion channel?
Protein that allows ions to diffuse through membrane
What factors determine in which direction ions will move through an open channel?
Ion concentration and charge
What two factors contribute to the existence of a resting membrane potential?
Diffusion and pumping of Na and k ions
Where would you find the ion channels on ligand gated? ‘
Soma and dendrites
Where on Na gated channels would you and?
Axon
Small positive change in RMP but not great enough to result in AP
EPSP
Post synaptic membrane had small regions of hyperpolarization, these local occurrences of hyperpolarization would be called _
IPSP
Result of calcium influx
Neurotic. Released into synaptic deft via exocytesis
Synaptic vesicles
Store and transport neurot
Ventral hom
Grey matter, contains call bodies of lower motor neurons
Dorsal horn
Gray matter, contains sensory
Lateral horn
Regulate autonomic nervous system
Difference between gray horns and white columns is
Gray horns an composed of gray matter
Central canal is lived by _cells
Ependymal
Sub arachnoid space contalhs
CSF
White columns carry impulses along pathways called ?
Tracts
Info carried along tracts is either
Sensory ur motor
Olgedendroohtes found in?
White matter or columns
A lumbar puncture would remove fluid from what space
Subarachnoid space
What produces CSF?
Chorale plexus, produced through active ion, transport, which results in secretion of sodium and chloride Lons
Composition of CSF
Glucose, proteins, lipids, electrolytes
What structure ‘absorbs’ the CSF back into circulatory system?
Arachhold granulations carachnold vile)
Hydrocephalus
CSF is produced but does not drain efficiently
Lumbar puncture
Allow samples of CSF to diagnose
Basal nuclei
Gray matter w/in cerebrum; caudate, putanan, globus pallidus
Function of basal nuclei
Moderate movement; determine actions based on intentions and personality
Insult
Self awareness and sensations, behavior and cravings
① depolarization (rising phase)
Rising phase, membrane potential rapidly becomes more + due to opening of voltage gated Na, allowing Na into the cell
② depolarization (failing phase)
Membrane potential returns to resting state due to closing of sodium channels and opening of potassium channels, allowing K to flow out of the cell
Threshold potential
Certain level of depolarization must be reached threshold potential to trigger an action potential
Refectory period
After action potential, brief period where neuron cannot fire another action potential, ensures unidirectional signal propagation
Hyperpolarization
Membrane potential becomes more negative, opposite of depolarization. Makes it more difficult to move membrane potential to action potential threshold,
Inhibiting action potentials
Resting membrane potential
Electrical potential difference across cell’s plasma membrane when the cell is at rest
Thalamus
Receives and directs sensory signals from body to appropriate areas of cerebral cortex, play a role in consciousness, sleep, and motorfunc.
Hypothalamus
Controls vital bodily functions like temp., hunger, thirst, blood pressure, primary link between nervous and endocrine system
Epithalamus
Contains pineal gland, which produces melatonin
