Unit #2 Terms

Question 1

Bantu

Answer 1

Means “persons” or “people
People in Sub-Saharan Africa
Clan-based villages with chiefs
They migrated a lot and settled a lot of Southern Africa (they used canoes and had more resources because of agriculture)

Question 2

People of the Middle Niger

Answer 2

? Recognized a single God originally called Nyamba

This God created the world then stepped back to let it run its course ?

Question 3

Olmecs

Answer 3

People of Mesoamerica
Name means “Rubber People
Elaborate drainage systems
Very much an authoritarian society
Created a calendar to keep track of the seasons
No urban areas so may be disqualified to be a civilization

Question 4

Maya

Answer 4

Society that followed the Olmecs and adopted many of their culture’s traditions (calendar, writing, ball game, etc.)
Mayan Calendar was very intricate
Many blood rituals to please the Gods (blood spilled meant rain from the Gods)
Extensive traders
Very war-like nation
Secular leaders more than religious leaders

Question 5

Ceremonial Centers

Answer 5

Established by the Olmecs initially but adopted by many societies like the Mayans
Not cities but centers for rituals which were governed by priests (blood sacrifices)
Included pyramids, temples and palaces

Question 6

Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 6

Lived in India (563-483 BCE)
Part of the warrior class in Hinduism
Became dissatisfied with his role and went to asceticism
That didn’t work so he meditated until he achieved Enlightenment and became the Buddha
He taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold Path

Question 7

Buddhism

Answer 7

Founded by Siddhartha (the Buddha)
Teachings are the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold Path
Canon - Tripitaka (Three Baskets)
Non-theistic = Gods can’t help you achieve enlightenment

Question 8

Four Noble Truths

Answer 8

1. Life is suffering
2. Selfish desire is the cause of suffering
3. Selfish desire can be eliminated
4. Eight-Fold Path leads to the extinction of suffering

Question 9

Chandragupta Maurya

Answer 9

Part of the Mauryan Empire in India
Leader of one of the states that conquered a lot
(needs more from text)

Question 10

Ashoka Maurya

Answer 10

Part of the Mauryan Empire in India
He controlled the biggest empire
Used a lot of violence
Encouraged agriculture
Empire falls apart when he dies because of no central rule (let clan leaders rule their own area and pay taxes)
No literary records of his rule

Question 11

Sima Qian

Answer 11

Man in China (145-86 BCE) considered to be the first historian
Focused on how one dynasty ends and another starts

Question 12

Zhou Dynasty

Answer 12

Not centralized, best skill was warfare, priests with oracle bones, they become less centralized because of iron weapons, over 200 states in this dynasty

Question 13

Periods of the Warring States

Answer 13

Over 1070 wars, influenced the different philosophies to solve this issue of wars (Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism)

Question 14

Qin Dynasty

Answer 14

Take control of a large area, embraced Legalism, main leader was Qin Shihuangdi, reduce power of nobles, created district with self-appointed leaders, got rid of weapons, book burning

Question 15

Shihuangdi

Answer 15

Emperor during the Qin Dynasty, built tons of soldiers for his tomb, he did too much too fast

Question 16

Han Dynasty

Answer 16

Control over nobility, border control and expansion, agriculture

Question 17

Han Wudi

Answer 17

Emperor during the Han Dynasty, established an educational system centered around Confucianism even though they were legalists

Question 18

Xiongnu

Answer 18

Nomadic confederation that constantly bothered the Han Dynasty, pastoral people, were bribed by the Han, they consistently broke the treaties

Question 19

Liu Bang

Answer 19

Emperor during the Han Dynasty ???

Question 20

Minoan society

Answer 20

Island of Crete before Indo-European

Question 21

Mycenaean society

Answer 21

Mainland partial Indo-European

Question 22

Polis

Answer 22

Greek city-states

Question 23

Athens

Answer 23

Had a democracy to a certain extent, let their male citizens participate in government, very homogeneous and small people, ruled by aristocracy

Question 24

Aristotle

Answer 24

Believed in the good life which is living in a civilized urban areas and consuming good things, government is supposed to provide the good life

Question 25

Achaemenid Empire

Answer 25

Persian empire, had roads, spies, incentives to expand territory, tolerance of other cultures as long as they pay tribute

Question 26

Seleucid Empire

Answer 26

Mesopotamia, Greek Polis, big taxation, spread of athletic events, theater performances, wine drinking, art style, took what they liked and left what they didn’t from other cultures, captured a lot of Persian silver and monetized economy in Greece

Question 27

Etruscans

Answer 27

Old language and people in Italy, made cities, alphabet, cities on hills for defense, many of the kings were from this people, had technology to drawn swampy land of the Forum, gladiators came from them as well

Question 28

Roman Republic

Answer 28

Influenced by the Etruscans, was an Aristocracy, was an empire even though they didn’t call it that, flexible system for internal dissent, there was citizen participation but not as much as in Greece

Question 29

Patricians

Answer 29

Elites of Roman culture, dominated the government and religion positions

Question 30

Plebians

Answer 30

Second elites, were considered citizens

Question 31

Carthage

Answer 31

City in Africa that was civilized that greatly opposed the Roman Republic, had a good army and navy

Question 32

Agustus

Answer 32

Other name was Octavian, declared as the sole ruler of Rome, reduced army, took decisions away from nobles such as naming provinces, established succession, moral reform (family, regulate marriages)