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History 201 > Globalization: World Religions > Flashcards

Globalization: World Religions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Globalization

A

Connection with the world, economic connections, long distance spread of people, exchange of culture and technologies, homogeneous (diversity is good to have in one place)

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2
Q

Define World Religions

A

Spread over the globe but also influenced by globalization

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3
Q

Characteristics of World Religions

A 
Religions of salvation - Savior and after-life
Revealed Religion - Prophet
Monotheistic - take over polytheistic
Personal - appeal to all classes of people
Moral codes
Sacred texts or scriptures
Portable
Remake world according to God's commands
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4
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

Began in the Persian Empire (Achaemenid and Seleucid), one of the Magi named Zarathustra (Zoraster; don’t know when he lived) founded the religion, teachings were oral until the Sasanid Dynasty

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5
Q

Beliefs of Zoroastrianism

A

Ahura Mazda - all powerful creator
Dualism - Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu
Scriptures - the Gathas (book), the Avesta (whole cannon)
Changed over time

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6
Q

Practices of Zoroastrianism

A

Prayer in sun or near sacred fire - fire worshipers
Culture
Missionaries
Preached superiority of their religion

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7
Q

What role did Zoroastrianism play on other religions?

A

Dualism was an important point for Christianity, Judaism

Good versus evil

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8
Q

How many Hebrew Kingdoms were there? Names?

A

Two

Northern Kingdom and Kingdom of Judah

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9
Q

When was the Northern Kingdom taken over? By who?

A

720 BCE

Assyrians

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10
Q

When was the Kingdom of Judah taken over? By who?

A

586 BCE

Babylonians

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11
Q

Who overthrew the Babylonians? When? What did they allow the Jews to do?

A

Persians
538 BCE
Return to Jerusalem

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12
Q

When was the temple rebuilt?

A

515 BCE

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13
Q

How did the Jews keep their religion together for 500 years?

A

They were able to keep their Jewish identity in captivity and not, very resilient, synagogues

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14
Q

What happened to the Jews during the Ptolemaric Empire?

A

Lots of Jews moved to Egypt because they allowed them to practice their beliefs
Interacted a lot with Greek culture, translation of the scriptures into Greek
The synagogue came about instead of the temple

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15
Q

Who were the Sadducees?

A

Priest class of the temple, no belief in resurrection, tolerated Hellenistic views, opposed by the Pharisees

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16
Q

Who were the Pharisees?

A

Not bad people, middle class universal group

17
Q

When was the end of Jerusalem? What happened?

A

66-70 CE during the Jewish Revolt

Lots of Jews killed, temple destroyed

18
Q

What are the unifying characteristics of Judaism?

A

Monotheistic - key defining characteristic
Scriptures - Torah (1st 5 Books), Talmud Oral Tradition and Torah
Dietary code - way to distinguish yourself
Calendar
Culture around the synagogue
Holidays supposed to remind us who we are

19
Q

What teachings were new in Christianity?

A

The Atonement
Gives purpose of human life
Priesthood doctrine
New scriptures (takes a while to be canonized)
Focus on the poor and equality of people (break down of hierarchies)

20
Q

Purity System

A

Purity status started with noble birth (Levi’s and priests)
Caused sharp social boundaries
Christ preached against the Purity System

21
Q

Describe Early Christianity

A

First converts were Jews then Gentiles
Small groups for organization of local leaders
No holidays, no scripture

22
Q

Define Ecclesia

A

Community of worshipers

23
Q

Define Diocese

A

Area headed by a bishop

24
Q

Why did Christianity become a world religion? What made it appealing?

A 
Social equality
Christ accepts all
Created a sense of community
Brought philosophy and ritual together
Philosophical scriptures
Ordinances - baptism, Lord's supper
Leadership
25
Q

Why was Christianity not appealing?

A 
One god not Roman's god
Suspicion of loyalty
Seen as secretive - Lord's supper as cannibalism
Thought everyone else was wrong
Missionary work
26
Q

Emperor Decius

A

Wanted to unite the Roman Empire
Killed a lot of Christians to do so
Only reigned for two years

27
Q

Constantine

A

Wanted to be sole ruler
Battle of Milvian Bridge (312 CE) fought for Christian God
Allowed religious freedom
Caused Council of Nicaea to occur

28
Q

Council of Nicaea

A

Rejection of Arianism (reject that Christ wasn’t divine)

Beginnings of centralization in the Christian church

29
Q

Five most important bishops

A

Rome (Pope), Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople (Patriarch)

History 201 (9 decks)

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