Unit 2-Stereochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Compounds with same number of atoms but bonded together in a different order

Example propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structural feature causes geometric isomers to arise?

A

They arise due to the lack of free rotation around a bond, frequently a carbon–carbon double bond, but not always.

Could be ring structure (cycloalkanes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For geometric isomers explain the prefixes cis and trans.

A

cis means “on the same side” of the carbon to carbon double bond

trans means “on different sides” of the carbon to carbon double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the names of these two geometric isomers?

A

cis-but-2-ene

trans-but-2-ene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain why propene does not exhibit geometric isomerism?

A

Geometric isomers can only occur in organic molecules which have two different groups attached to each of the carbon atoms of the double bond, in addition to the carbon to carbon double bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the following structures.

A

cis-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane

trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structural feature causes optical isomers to arise?

A

Contains a chiral centre/chiral carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is meant by a chiral carbon?

A

Carbon attached to 4 different groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Non superimposable mirror image molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enantiomers have an effect on plane polarised light.

What does plane polarised light mean?

A

Light that has been filtered so that it only vibrates in one plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enantiomers are said to be optically active.

What does this mean?

A

One enantiomer will bend plane polarised light in a clockwise direction (sometimes shown using +), the other enantiomer will bend plane polarised light in an anticlockwise direction (sometimes shown using -).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a racemic mixture?

A

A mixture containing equal quantities of both enantiomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly