Unit 2-Alkenes Flashcards

1
Q

State 3 methods of preparing alkenes.

A

Catalytic Cracking

Dehydration of an alcohol acid dehydration

Elimination of hydrogen halide from monohaloalkanes

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2
Q

Describe acid dehydration of an alcohol.

A

The alcohol vapour is passed over a catalyst such as conc sulphuric acid for dehydration to produce an alkene

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3
Q

What is the elimination of hydrogen halide from monohaloalkanes catalysed by?

A

a base

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4
Q

State 5 reactions of alkenes.

A

Catalytic addition of hydrogen to form alkanes

Reaction with hydrogen halides

Reaction with water to form alcohols

Acid catalysed addition of water

Addition of halogens to alkenes

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5
Q

What kinds of reactions do alkenes usually undergo?

A

Addition reactions

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6
Q

Why do alkenes behave as nucleophiles?

A

They contain carbon to carbon double bonds which is a region of high electron density

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7
Q

What does the C=C bond do?

A

donates an electron pair to an electrophile (electrophilic addition)

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8
Q

Give an example of a catalyst used during the addition of hydrogen to alkenes?

A

Nickel

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9
Q

Give 3 examples of hydrogen halides?

A

Hydrogen bromide

Hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen iodide

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10
Q

When alkenes react with hydrogen halides what do they produce?

A

monohaloalkanes

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11
Q

What is Markovnikov’s rule?

A

In the addition of H-X to an alkene, the H atom attaches to the carbon atom of the alkene which already has more hydrogen atoms

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12
Q

What does electrophilic addition of water to an alkene produce?

A

an alcohol

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13
Q

What does electrophilic addition of water to an alkene require?

A

an acid catalyst

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14
Q

For the acid catalysed addition of water, what does the water act as?

A

Nucleophile

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15
Q

For the acid catalysed addition of water, what does the acid act as?

A

Electrophilic agent

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16
Q

What is the carbocation intermediate created by?

A

the double bond acting as a nucleophile towards the hydrogen ion

17
Q

What kind of intermediate does the addition of a bromine molecule to ethene form?

A

cyclic intermediate