Unit 2: Square Cap

Question 1

Which of the following components of cell membrane affects the selective permeability?

Answer 1

Phospholipids and Proteins

Question 2

All the following are present in the biological membrane except

Answer 2

polysaccharides

Question 3

Which of the following molecules will rapidly diffuse through phospholipid part of cell membrane?

Answer 3

Water and CO2

Question 4

What factors affect the simple diffusion of molecules in aqueous surroundings?T

Answer 4

Temp

Question 5

Which of the following will affect the fluidity of a cell membrane?

Answer 5

Sterols and Saturation levels of fatty acide side chains

Question 6

Which of the following molecules will be able to cross a synthetic dialysis membrane with a pore size of 100 daltons (AMU) and not through biological membrane by simple diffusion?

Answer 6

NaCl

Question 7

When freshwater plant cells are placed in sea water the cells will

Answer 7

get plasmolyzed with water from cytoplasm leaking out.

Question 8

Which of the following affects all others in the cell communication process?

Answer 8

Signal reception

Question 9

Phosphorylation of a series of proteins (“phosphorylation cascade”) during signal transduction

Answer 9

causes target proteins to change their shape and therefore their activity.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules are the most essential for cell communication?

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

Which of the following actions represents direct contact mechanism of cell signaling?

Answer 11

Gap junctions allowing small signal molecules to go through

Question 12

Which of the following is/are the highly specific mechanism(s) of cell transport

Answer 12

Active transport, Receptor mediated endocytosis, Facilitated diffusion

Question 13

Ion channel proteins are always

Answer 13

integral membrane proteins

Question 14

Cellular respiration depends on the concentration of protons in the intermembrane space in the mitochondrion to make ATP. Which mechanisms provide the energy needed for concentrating protons in the intermembrane space

Answer 14

Redox potential of electrons going through the electron transport chain

Question 15

Which of the following cells can perform phagocytosis?

Answer 15

White blood cells and Amoeba

Question 16

Animal viruses infect specific host cells and do not cross host range. This is because viruses are recognized and allowed inside cells through

Answer 16

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 17

Most of the antibiotics are derived from

Answer 17

Fungi

Question 18

How does bacteria protect itself from viral infection

Answer 18

Restriction enzymes degrade the viral DNA once it enters the bacterial cell

Question 19

Plants can defend against grazers by producing

Answer 19

secondary metabolites

Question 20

Which of the following animal cells produce antibodies?

Answer 20

B cells

Question 21

Vaccines protect the animals by

Answer 21

Helping to produce antibodies that will mark virus for degradation

Question 22

The major differences in the function of rough ER compared to smooth ER is to

Answer 22

make proteins

Question 23

When the pH was increased from 5 to 7 in an in vitro experiment, these structures purified from animal cells stopped digesting their contents. What are these structures?

Answer 23

lysosomes

Question 24

Fresh water protists such as paramecium maintain homeostasis of its salt concentration by pumping water out of the cell. Which of the following structures would serve this purpose?

Answer 24

Contractile vacuole

Question 25

Which of the following pathway is the most probable pathway for secretory proteins that is glycosylated along the way?

Answer 25

Rough ER → vesicles → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 26

What will happen if the segment of DNA coding for the target sequence is deleted from a gene encoding a protein located in lysosomes?

Answer 26

It will not reach the target site, lysosome.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a common feature of both chloroplast and mitochondrion?

Answer 27

Makes essential amino acids

Question 28

We need to consume essential amino acids in our diet because we do not have ______________ that make essential amino acids.

Answer 28

Plastids

Question 29

Which of the following action of cytoskeletal elements, a plant cell will not be able to do?

Answer 29

Cleavage furrow (pinching in middle of cell) formation during cell division

Question 30

Which of the following structures are important for providing energy (ATP) for the cytoplasmic functions in a plant?

Answer 30

mitochondrion

Question 31

How does the double membrane structure of mitochondrion help in its function to make ATP?

Answer 31

Maintaining conditions within and between the two membranes to allow ATP synthesis

Question 32

Both mitochondria and chloroplast are maternally inherited. Some plants develop resistance to atrazine herbicide through a mutation of a gene located in the chloroplast. If male plants without any such herbicide resistance are crossed with an atrazine resistant female plant, what will be the resistance level of offspring plants?

Answer 32

All offspring will be resistant.

Question 33

Which of the following is the correct sequence of plant cell structural layers, beginning with the cytoplasmic side and progressing outward? It may help to draw two adjacent plant cells and the cell walls to answer this question.

Answer 33

Plasma membrane, secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamella

Question 34

f you were to genetically engineer a papaya plant that will resist fungal disease, you would like to express high levels of the enzyme _____________ that will degrade the fungal cell wall.

Answer 34

chitinase

Question 35

What structures are similar to each other in the list given below?

Answer 35

Plasmadesmata and gap junctions

Question 36

What are the barriers for glucose to enter a bacterial cell from the medium?

Answer 36

capsule --> cell wall --> plasmamembrane

Question 37

Which of the following structures are important for maintaining water pressure and movement of water in a tall plant?

Answer 37

Cell wall

Question 38

The digestive tract lining contains epithelial (outer lining) cells that do not allow food particles to randomly go inside the body except through specific proteins on their cell membrane. Which of the following structure blocks random diffusion of food particles between epithelial cells?

Answer 38

Tight junctions