Carbohydrates Flashcards
Condensation Synthesis
-Creating polymers by combining monomers by removal of -OH & -H, which forms water
-Atoms combine to form molecules → build macromolecules such as DNA/RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, & lipids - building blocks of life
Polymers
carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins - made from monomers by condensation synthesis
Hydrolysis
Breakdown of all polymers involves hydrolysis; breaks down polymers by adding -OH & -H from splitting water molecule
Macromolecules
- proteins
- nucleic acids
- lipids
- carbohydrates
Monosaccharides; C, H, O
building blocks of sugars; the monomers (single units) that make up complex carbohydrates w many units
Carbs
-essential to build storage molecules (starch) & structural molecules (cellulose)
-energy stored in chemical bonds of sugars is harvested by cells through respiration
aldoses— -C=O at end
ketoses— -C=O in middle
both have -OH group - can behave as aldehyde & alcohol or ketone & alcohol
-OH below the plane
alpha sugar
-OH above the plane
Beta sugar
Disaccharides
Formed by enzymes through condensation synthesis - to combine 2 monosaccharides through glycosidic linkages & forms water
1-4 linkage:
1 carbon linked to #4 carbon
1-2 linkage
1 carbon linked to #2 carbon
Polysaccharides
Structural polysaccharides
- beta-1,4 linkage
- cellulose (plants)
- chitin (fungi & insects)
- callose (plants)
Polysaccharides
Storage polysaccharides
- alpha-1,4 linkage
- starch (plants)
- glycogen (animals)
Chitin
A modified structural polysaccharide in fungal cell wall & insect exoskeleton