Unit 2-Skeletal Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton; Protection?
Protects organs eg. Skull protects brain, rib cage protects heart and lungs
Shape and support?
The framework. Creates posture and supports the weight of the rest of the body
Movement?
Muscles attached on bones, allowing movement of body. When muscles contract, the bones allow for movement to take place.
Blood production?
Red and white blood cells are produced by bone marrow. This is from red bone marrow contained within certain bones.
Storing and release?
Store and releases minerals and fats. Bones act as storage organs for things like calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. “Homeostasis”; helps maintain a constant level of calcium in the blood (for muscle contraction, nerve impulses)
Four types of bone cells; Osteogenic (stem cell)?
Found in deep layers of bone marrow. Develops into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts?
Building. Growing portion; endosteum, periosteum. Builds bone. Synthesises collagen fibres and initiates calcification.
Osteoclasts?
Crushing. Found in bones surface, at the site of injured bone. Bone reabsorption, removes injured tissues.
Osteocytes?
Mature. Trapped in the matrix. Maintains mineral concentration of matrix
What is bone composed of? How does this affect its characteristics?
Connective tissue produced by osteocytes.
Matrix—> 25%water.
—> 25%collagen fibres. FLEXIBLE (shock absorption/ weight distribution) and STRONG (reinforcement in concrete)
—> 50%hydroxyapatite. ( crystallised salt arrangement, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate) HARD as concrete
What is axial skeleton?
Consists of bones that lie around central axis of body. Main support for posture and protection of nervous system and organs. (Skull, ribs spine)
What is appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders and pelvic bone. Allows for the articulation of the limbs with the axial skeleton.
What are some characteristics of bone itself?
- Multi nucleic
- Spaced apart
Epiphysis?
Enlarged ends of the bone
Connects with ends of other bones- joints
Outer part- compact
Inner part- cancellous
Metaphysis?
Connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis.
Forms part of the growth plate
Diaphysis?
Made up of contact bone
Hollow centre- medullary cavity (yellow bone marrow)
Lined by endosteum (endo= inside)
“Nutrient artery”- blood vessels supply nutrients to bone. (Penetrates bone via ‘nutrient poreman’
Red bone marrow?
In the cancellous
Produces white blood cells and maturation. Also red blood cells and platelets.
Yellow bone marrow?
Located in the cavity of the bone
Fatty, buttery texture
Epiphyseal plate?
Growth plate.
Contains osteoblasts
Calcifies when stopped growing
Influences by human growth hormone
Articulate cartilage
Thin layer of ‘hyaline’ cartilage
Found on the epiphysis on joints
Protects the ends of bone from damage caused by joint movement (reduces friction)
Difference between compact and cancellous bone?
Compact- 80% of bone. hard, dense, rigid. Filled with tiny holes and passageway. Blood vessels located in these holes that supply te bone with nutrients and oxygen.
Cancellous- 205 of bone. Thin, bony elements (trabeculae). Red bone barrow in pores. Red blood cells form. (By haemopoesis)
