UNIT 2 SAC 1

Question 1

The human lifespan – start and finish

Answer 1

The human lifespan starts at fertilisation and ends at death.

Question 2

Lifespan stages + age range

Answer 2

Prenatal(fertilisation to birth):

Infancy(0-2):

Early childhood(2-6):

Late childhood(6-12):

Youth(12-18):

Early adulthood(18-40):

Middle adulthood(40-65):

Late adulthood(65+ till death):

Question 3

Desc & characteristics of emotional dev during infancy and early childhood

Answer 3

Infancy- emotional bond between parent and baby is strong.
By 8 months, the infant can experience anger, happiness and frustration.
Early childhood- can get jealous when other kids receive attention.
Begin to develop a sense of empathy e.g. caring for someone who’s crying.

Question 4

Desc & characteristics of intellectual dev during early childhood

Answer 4

• Children want to share their knowledge on colours, objects and animals.
• Learns to write basic letters and reads basic books.

Question 5

Desc & characteristics of phys dev during early childhood

Answer 5

• Slow and steady growth
• Brain growth slows down
• Large muscles develop extensively (arm & leg muscles)

Question 5

Maternal diet: Foods to avoid during pregnancy

Answer 5

Raw fish, soft cheeses, soft serve ice-cream, alcohol, raw eggs, bean sprouts.

Question 6

Spina Bifida: What is it? + 3 characteristics + role of folate

Answer 6

-Spina bifida: Defect of spine and neural tube, when skull doesn’t close properly during development. Spinal nerves protrude through gap in unclosed vertebrae instead of growing down the middle of the spinal column.
-Symptoms: Walking difficulties, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction.
-Folate: Adequate folate consumption before and during
pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the
baby.

Question 6

Maternal diet: Important nutrients + functions in body during pregnancy

Answer 6

Iron- Iron helps to carry oxygen throughout the body, and delivers oxygen to the baby for it to breath.
Iodine- Assists to develop baby’s brain and nervous system.

Question 6

Spina Bifida: Developmental conditions at risk for with spina bifida

Answer 6

• Hydrocephalus
• Scoliosis
• Lower body paralysis

Question 7

Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 7

This parenting style is very hostile towards their child, and is very strict with discipline and sets rules. The parents rely on punishment, using verbal abuse or smacking.

Question 8

Uninvolved parenting style

Answer 8

This parenting style allows the children to learn from their own experiences, and are usually neglectful. They focus on their own needs which is usually a result of mental health issues or substance use.

Question 9

Permissive parenting style

Answer 9

These parents are inconsistent with their behaviour, and can be harsh and demanding one day, then uninvolved and neglectful the next. They do not set any expectations for their child.

Question 10

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 10

This parenting style listens to their child’s point of view, and allows the child it’s freedom but keeps consistent rules and boundaries. These parents give reasons for their rules.

Question 11

Meaning of intergenerational nature of health and wellbeing

Answer 11

The intergenerational nature of health and wellbeing means that the health and wellbeing and development of one generation influences the health and wellbeing and development of the next.

Question 12

Birth weight: Categories of birthweight for very low birth weight and low birthweight

Answer 12

Very low birthweight: Less than 1,500 grams
Low birthweight: Less than 2,500 grams

Question 13

Birth weight: Impact of low birth weight on physical and social health and wellbeing

Answer 13

Physical H&WB –
A low birthweight impacts physical health, by increasing the risk of bronchiolitis, creating an inflammation of the airways in the lungs.
It also increases feeding difficulties, which leads to a lack of nutritional intake, increasing risk of disease and illness.

Social H&WB –
Low birthweight can lead to insecurity and create difficulties with making friends their age. This may also keep the individual from creating close bonds with people in the fear of being judged.
Low birthweight also increases risk of illness and disease, which leads to longer hospitalisation. This prolongs the socialisation that infants should be having, making them fall behind with exploring social health.

Question 14

Prenatal 2-3 characteristics

Answer 14

• 38 weeks gestation
• fastest period of growth
• develops from one cell to 200 billion at birth.

Question 15

Infancy 2-3 characteristics

Answer 15

-develop motor skills at 2 (walking)
- begin to throw tantrums
- can identify people close to them.

Question 16

Early childhood 2-3 characteristics

Answer 16

• Learn social skills
• Eat with adults at the table.

Question 17

Late childhood 2-3 characteristics

Answer 17

• Attending primary school
• Slow and steady growth period.

Question 18

Youth 2-3 characteristics

Answer 18

• rapid growth
• increases independence + creating life goals
• sexual maturity + puberty.

Question 19

Early adulthood 2-3 characteristics

Answer 19

• Physical peak from 25-30
• Steady decline in body systems
• career focused stage + finding life partner.

Question 20

Middle adulthood 2-3 characteristics

Answer 20

• children leave home
• women experience menopause
• grandchildren

Question 21

Late adulthood 2-3 characteristics

Answer 21

• retirement
• living arrangements change (move in with family/ aged care)
• Death of partner